Table 1.
MCPES, Basic Psychological Needs and PLOC Scales
| Title | Dimension | Items | Liket item | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||
| Not true | A little true | Sort of true | True | Very true | |||||||||||
| MCPES | Autonomy supporting | Item 1. Students have a significant role in decision making in PE lessons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| Item 2. Students are given the opportunity to affect the way PE lessons are run | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 3. Students have significant freedom to make choices during PE lessons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 4. Students are given the opportunity to select activities according to their own interests | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 5. Students can affect the course of PE lessons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Relatedness supporting | Item 6. we have a good sense of unity in PE class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||
| Item 7. Our PE class is united when practicing during PE lessons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 8. Students really “work together” as a team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 9. During PE lessons the students “pull together” | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Task-involving | Item 10. It is important for the students to try their best during PE lessons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||
| Item 11. Learning new things makes me want to learn more | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 12. What’s most important is that we progress every year in our motor skills | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 13. It is important for the students to try to improve their own skills | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 14. It is important to keep trying even though you make mistakes | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Ego-involving | Item 15. It is important for students to show that they are better in PE than others | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||
| Item 16. During PE lessons students compare their performance mainly to that of others | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 17. It is important for the students to succeed better than the others | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 18. During PE lessons the students compete with each other in their performance | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Basic Psychological Needs | Autonomy | Item 1. I have time to create my own game/dances. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| Item 2. I have time to choose my partner. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 3. I have time to choose which activities I want to practice. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Competence | Item 4. I think I am good at PE. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||
| Item 5. I feel I am good in sport skills. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 6. I feel I am able to do most of games well in PE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Relatedness | Item 7. I feel I am encouraged by other students in PE class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||
| Item 8. I feel comfortable with my partner/team members in PE class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Item 9. I feel I am important to my classmates in PE class. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||||||||
|
Corresponds not all |
Corresponds a very little |
Corresponds a little |
Corresponds moderately |
Corresponds enough |
Corresponds a lot |
Corresponds exactly |
|||||||||
| PLOC | Intrinsic motivation | Item 1. Because PE is fun | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
| Item 2. Because I enjoy learning new skills | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 3. Because PE is exciting | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 4. Because of the enjoyment that I feel while learning new skills/techniques | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Identified motivation | Item 5. Because I want to learn sport skills | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||||||
| Item 6. Because it is important for me to do well in PE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 7. Because I want to improve in sport | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 8. Because I can learn skills which I could use in other areas of my life | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| External motivation | Item 9. Because I’ll get into trouble if I don’t | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||||||
| Item 10. Because that’s what I am supposed to do | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 11. So that the teacher won’t yell at me | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 12. Because that’s the rule | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Amotivation | Item 13. But I really don’t know why | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||||||
| Item 14. But I don’t see why we should have PE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 15. But I really feel I’m wasting my time in PE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| Item 16. But I can’t see what I’m getting out of PE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
MCPES Motivational Climate in Physical Education Scale, PLOC Perceived Locus of Causality