Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with and without ivermectin (IVM).
| No IVM (n = 13) | IVM (n = 13) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Sex (female) | 5 (38.5) | 4 (30.8) | 1.000 μ |
| Age | 54 [48–58] | 43 [41–49] | 0.117 |
| Origin | 0.006 μ | ||
| • Europe | 7 (53.8) | 0 (0) | |
| • South-America | 5 (38.5) | 10 (76.9) | |
| • Asia | 1 (7.7) | 3 (23.1) | |
| Comorbidities | 12 (92.3) | 9 (69.2) | 0.320 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Cough | 10 (76.9) | 11 (84.6) | 1.000 |
| Dyspnea | 11 (84.6) | 8 (61.5) | 0.376 |
| Fever | 13 (100) | 13 (100) | -- |
| Abdominal symptoms | 6 (46.1) | 4 (30.8) | 0.687 |
| Days before admission1 | 7 [6–9] | 7 [5–9] | 0.816 |
| Radiological pattern | 0.185 μ | ||
| • Interstitial pattern | 2 (15.4) | 5 (38.5) | |
| • Patchy infiltrates | 5 (38.5) | 6 (46.1) | |
| • Mixed pattern | 6 (46.1) | 2 (15.4) | |
| CRP | 12.05 [6.48-21-72] | 14.22 [8.37–20.68] | 0.644 |
| LDH | 426 [333–501] | 383 [301–418] | 0.317 |
| D-dimer | 500 [400–800] | 500 [400–1000] | 0.836 |
| Ferritin | 1243 [654.25–2259.75] | 1101 [477.5–1434.5] | 0.751 |
| Lymphocytes | 800 [500–900] | 900 [500–1200] | 0.279 |
| NLR | 11.2 [6.9–13.4] | 4.9 [2.5–10.0] | 0.106 |
| Eosinphilsß | 0 | 0 (0–200) | -- |
| Pharmacological treatment | |||
| Antiviral agents | 13 (100) | 12 (92.3) | 1.000 |
| IS treatment | 13 (100) | 13 (100) | -- |
| Steroids | 10 (76.9) | 8 (61.5) | 0.671 |
| Days until steroids treatment | 9 [8–13] | 8.5 [6.75–10.75] | 0.531 |
| Anti-IL treatment | 11 (84.6) | 10 (76.9) | 1.000 |
| • Anti IL-6 (tocilizumab, siltuximab) | 9 (69.2) | 10 (76.9) | 1.000 |
| • Anti IL-1 (anakinra) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (15.4) | 1.000 μ |
| Days until anti-IL treatment | 9 [7.5–13.5] | 9.5 [7.5–13.5] | 0.671 |
| Supportive treatment | |||
| Maximum FiO2 | 60 [23–60] | 40 [23–60] | 0.529 |
| NIV/HFNC | 4 (30.8) | 2 (15.4) | 0.645 μ |
| ETI + MV | 5 (38.5) | 3 (23.1) | 0.671 μ |
| Admission to ICU | 9 (69.2) | 5 (38.5) | 0.238 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Other severe adverse events4 | 4 (30.8) | 3 (23.1) | 1.000 μ |
| Positive PCR 3–5 days after IVM2 | 4 (30.8) | 5 (38.5) | 1.000 μ |
| Days to naso-pharyngeal swab3 | 19 [15–21] | 15 [12–21] | 0.382 |
| CRP3 | 0.4 [0.4–2.57] | 0.4 [0.5–2.2] | 0.368 |
| LDH3 | 300 [277–374] | 266 [246.7–327.2] | 0.097 |
| D-dimer3 | 1600 [1300–4300] | 850 [600–4275] | 0.351 |
| Ferritin3 | 1263 [771–1785.5] | 816 [414–1031] | 0.172 |
| Lymphocytes3 | 1100 [700–1300] | 1400 [875–1800] | 0.369 |
| NLR3 | 8.38 [3.55–13.75] | 3.22 [1.92–9.35] | 0.201 |
| Eosinphils3ß | 100 [0–100] | 100 [0–125] | 0.839 |
| Improvement 8 days after IVM3 | 10 (76.9) | 9 (69.2) | 1.000 μ |
| Localization 8 days after IVM3 | 1.000 μ | ||
| • Discharged | 6 (46.1) | 7 (53.8) | |
| • Hospitalized | 4 (30.8) | 4 (30.8) | |
| • ICU | 3 (23.1) | 2 (15.4) |
N (%) or median [p25-p75].
(ß)median (range).
(μ)Fisher’s exact test.
(1) Days between symptoms initiation and admission to hospital.
(2) Naso-pharyngeal swab performed between 3 and 5 days after ivermectin treatment (or equivalent time in the non-IVM group).
(3) 8–11 days after IVM treatment (or equivalent time in the non-IVM group).
(4) Other adverse events in patients not receiving IVM: organizing pneumonia (1), acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis (1), pancreatitis (1) and catheter bacteremia (1). Other adverse events in patients receiving IVM: organizing pneumonia (1), pulmonary embolism (1) and Strongyloides infection (1).
CRP: C-reactive protein. ETI+MV: endotracheal intubation + mechanical ventilation. FiO2: Fraction of inspired oxygen. ICU: intensive care unit. IS: immunosuppressant treatment. IL: interleukin. IVM: ivermectin. LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. NIV/HFNC: Non-invasive ventilation / high flow nasal cannula. NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocite ratio. PCR: polymerase chain reaction.