Table 1:
Demographic characteristics of study participants in cord and maternal sera analyses.
| Cord Serum | Maternal Serum | |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Overall | 256 (100) | 185 (100) |
| Maternal Age (years) | ||
| <25 | 51 (20) | 37 (20) |
| 25–35 | 165 (65) | 114 (62) |
| >35 | 40 (16) | 34 (18) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 165 (65) | 116 (63) |
| Black | 70 (27) | 51 (28) |
| Other | 20 (8) | 17 (9) |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married | 185 (72) | 128 (69) |
| Unmarried, cohabiting | 26 (10) | 19 (10) |
| Unmarried, living alone | 44 (17) | 37 (20) |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Household Income ($/year) | ||
| <20,000 | 48 (19) | 38 (21) |
| 20-<40,000 | 43 (17) | 35 (19) |
| 40-<80,000 | 87 (34) | 57 (31) |
| >80,000 | 77 (30) | 54 (29) |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | 54 (21) | 43 (23) |
| High school or some college | 64 (25) | 38 (21) |
| Bachelor’s or more | 137 (54) | 103 (56) |
| Missing | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||
| Any | 100 (39) | 73 (40) |
| None | 147 (57) | 108 (58) |
| Missing | 9 (4) | 4 (2) |
| Serum cotinine (ng/mL) | ||
| <0.015 (Unexposed) | 110 (43) | 73 (40) |
| 0.015–3 (Secondhand) | 120 (47) | 90 (49) |
| >3 (Active smoker) | 26 (10) | 22 (12) |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| <24.9 (Underweight-normal) | 131 (51) | 102 (55) |
| 25–29.9 (Overweight) | 67 (26) | 44 (24) |
| ≥30 (Obese) | 49 (19) | 31 (17) |
| Missing | 9 (4) | 8 (4) |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 187 (73) | 128 (69) |
| Cesarean section | 66 (26) | 56 (30) |
| Missing | 3 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | 108 (42) | 83 (45) |
| Primiparous | 77 (30) | 50 (27) |
| Multiparous | 65 (25) | 48 (26) |
| Missing | 6 (2) | 4 (2) |
| Newborn Sex | ||
| Female | 135 (53) | 101 (55) |
| Male | 121 (47) | 84 (45) |