Table 5.

Subgroup analysis of effect e-therapy versus controls on anxiety and stress outcomes (posttreatment).

Time pointa and variable, Subgroup			k b	SMDc (Hedges g)d	95% CI	I2 (%)e	P value (between subgroups)f	R2 (%)g	NNTh
Posttreatment
	Control type
		Wait list	9	0.55i	0.24 to 0.86	84i	.41	2.99	3.04
		TAUj	3	0.40i	0.35 to 0.45	0	—k	—	4.49
		Placebo	5	0.26	−0.02 to 0.55	28	—	—	6.86
	E-therapy type
		MoodGYM	7	0.44i	0.01 to 0.86	80i	.86	0.50	4.09
		Beating the Blues	3	0.40i	0.35 to 0.45	0	—	—	4.49
		Other	7	0.46i	0.24 to 0.68	61i	—	—	3.92
	Self-help typology
		Self-administered	4	0.23i	0.09 to 0.36	8	.02	13.38	7.74
		Predominantly self-help	8	0.47i	0.11 to 0.83	74i	—	—	3.84
		Minimal contact	5	0.60i	0.36 to 0.83	45	—	—	3.04
		Predominantly therapist delivered	0l	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Setting
		Clinical	8	0.44i	0.33 to 0.54	0	.99	0.00	4.09
		Community	9	0.44i	0.10 to 0.78	84i	—	—	4.09
	Focus problem
		Depression	3	0.49i	0.05 to 0.93	88i	.85	0.82	3.69
		Anxiety or stress	5	0.44i	0.27 to 0.62	0	—	—	4.09
		Anxiety or depression	7	0.58i	0.14 to 1.02	70i	—	—	3.14
	Analysis method
		ITTm	7	0.47i	0.27 to 0.68	75i	.06	5.76	3.84
		Completers	2	0.18	−0.05 to 0.42	0	—	—	9.87

^aInsufficient number of comparisons and limited between-study heterogeneity to warrant moderator analyses of anxiety outcomes at follow-up.

^bk: number of comparisons.

^cSMD: standardized mean difference.

^dPositive effect size indicates in favor of e-therapy.

^eSignificance of associated Q statistic.

^fAlpha threshold Bonferroni adjusted to P<.01 for multiple testing.

^gR²: percentage of variance explained by moderator.

^hNNT: number needed to treat.

ⁱSignificant at P<.05.

^jTAU: treatment as usual.

^kOne between-groups P value and R² value are provided for each subgroup comparison, reported on the row of the first subgroup category.

^lWhere there are no comparisons within a subgroup, SMD, 95% confidence intervals and I² values are not reported.

^mITT: intention to treat.