Table 1. Demographic, clinical, tumor, and treatment characteristics of the study patients.
| Characteristics | Institutions | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site 1 (n=97) | Site 2 (n=139) | Site 3 (n=30) | Site 4 (n=60) | Total (N=326) | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 0.0035 | |||||
| Mean | 65.8 | 66.8 | 58.1 | 67.1 | 65.8 | |
| SD | 11.5 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 12.3 | 12.4 | |
| Range | 26–88 | 24–92 | 25–80 | 39–98 | 24–98 | |
| Sex (%) | 0.2184 | |||||
| Male | 63.9 | 66.9 | 46.7 | 65.0 | 63.8 | |
| Female | 36.1 | 33.1 | 53.3 | 35.0 | 36.2 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Caucasian | 33.0 | 54.7 | 53.3 | 33.3 | 44.2 | |
| Asian | 48.5 | 25.2 | 13.3 | 48.3 | 35.3 | |
| Hispanic | 18.5 | 15.1 | 20.0 | 11.7 | 16.0 | |
| African American | 0 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 2.1 | |
| Others | 0 | 2.9 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 2.4 | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Smoking/alcohol (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 41.2 | 69.1 | 70.0 | 21.7 | 52.2 | |
| No or unknown | 58.8 | 30.9 | 30.0 | 78.3 | 47.8 | |
| Significant weight loss (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Yes | 8.2 | 56.8 | 43.3 | 26.7 | 35.6 | |
| No or unknown | 91.8 | 43.2 | 56.7 | 73.3 | 64.4 | |
| History of cancer %) | 0.0121 | |||||
| Yes | 9.3 | 16.5 | 26.7 | 5.0 | 13.2 | |
| No or unknown | 90.7 | 83.5 | 73.3 | 95.0 | 86.8 | |
| Charlson comorbidity (%) | 0.5941 | |||||
| Low burden (score <3) | 91.7 | 86.3 | 86.7 | 90.0 | 88.7 | |
| High burden (score =3+) | 8.3 | 13.7 | 13.3 | 10.0 | 11.3 | |
| Tumor characteristics | ||||||
| pT stage (%) | 0.0005 | |||||
| 1 | 44.3 | 33.1 | 16.7 | 28.3 | 34.0 | |
| 2 | 13.4 | 20.1 | 6.7 | 13.3 | 15.6 | |
| 3 | 29.9 | 35.3 | 43.3 | 25.0 | 32.5 | |
| 4 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 33.3 | 33.4 | 17.9 | |
| pN stage (%) | 0.0220 | |||||
| 0 | 62.9 | 54.7 | 36.7 | 58.3 | 56.1 | |
| 1 | 16.5 | 19.4 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 16.3 | |
| 2 | 9.3 | 12.2 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 12.6 | |
| 3 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 26.6 | 18.4 | 13.2 | |
| Unknown | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | |
| Pathological stage (%) | 0.0604 | |||||
| Loco-regional (pT4 or pN1+) | 43.3 | 45.3 | 70.0 | 51.7 | 48.2 | |
| Localized (pT1–3, pN0) | 56.7 | 54.7 | 30.0 | 48.3 | 51.8 | |
| Tumor size (%) | 0.0008 | |||||
| Small (<2 cm) | 30.9 | 33.1 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 27.6 | |
| Medium (2–4 cm) | 49.5 | 29.5 | 36.7 | 30 | 36.2 | |
| Large (>4 cm) | 15.5 | 26.6 | 40 | 38.3 | 26.7 | |
| Unknown | 4.1 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 9.5 | |
| Histology (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Intestinal | 30.9 | 62.6 | 33.3 | 41.7 | 46.6 | |
| Diffuse | 47.4 | 12.2 | 53.3 | 31.7 | 30.1 | |
| Mixed | 3.1 | 13.7 | 6.7 | 1.6 | 7.7 | |
| Unknown | 18.6 | 12.5 | 6.7 | 25.0 | 15.6 | |
| Surgery | ||||||
| Surgical technology (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Open | 4.1 | 41.0 | 93.3 | 38.3 | 34.4 | |
| Laparoscopic | 68.0 | 54.0 | 6.7 | 21.7 | 47.8 | |
| Unknown | 27.8 | 5.0 | 0 | 40.0 | 17.8 | |
| Surgical type (%) | <0.0001 | |||||
| Total | 13.4 | 41.7 | 46.7 | 18.3 | 29.5 | |
| Partial | 82.5 | 41.0 | 53.3 | 50.0 | 56.1 | |
| Unknown | 4.1 | 17.3 | 0 | 31.7 | 14.4 | |
| Number of recovered lymph nodes (%) | 0.0005 | |||||
| 0 | 2.1 | 12.2 | 0 | 6.7 | 7.1 | |
| 1–14 | 26.8 | 29.5 | 40.0 | 18.3 | 27.6 | |
| 15–24 | 32.0 | 20.1 | 33.3 | 30.0 | 26.7 | |
| 25+ | 37.1 | 28.8 | 26.7 | 45.0 | 34.0 | |
| Unknown | 2.0 | 9.4 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 | |
| Positive resection margins (%) | 0.0002 | |||||
| Yes | 8.3 | 5.0 | 30.0 | 6.7 | 8.6 | |
| No | 91.7 | 95.0 | 70.0 | 93.3 | 91.4 | |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| Chemotherapy administration (%) | 0.1180 | |||||
| Neoadjuvant alone | 21.6 | 21.6 | 20.0 | 11.7 | 19.6 | |
| Adjuvant alone | 17.5 | 25.9 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 25.5 | |
| Perioperative (before & after surgery) | 12.4 | 19.4 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 16.3 | |
| None | 48.5 | 33.1 | 26.7 | 41.7 | 38.6 | |
| Multimodality treatment | ||||||
| Multimodality (%) | 0.1880 | |||||
| Surgery only | 48.5 | 45.3 | 30.0 | 41.7 | 44.2 | |
| Surgery/chemotherapy | 24.7 | 28.1 | 40.0 | 41.7 | 30.7 | |
| Surgery/chemotherapy/radiation | 26.8 | 26.6 | 30.0 | 16.6 | 25.1 | |