Table 3.
Non-OR procedures and outpatient clinics.
| Author, year | Surgical service | Study duration | Non-surgical procedures performed (e.g. endoscopy, tracheostomy) | N of procedures performed (total; before outbreak; during outbreak) | Complications | Outpatient clinic volumes (total; before outbreak; after outbreak) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angel, 2020 | ICU | Mar to Apr 2020 | Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) | 98 | Post-tracheostomy bleeding (n = 5), Accidental tracheostomy tube removal (n = 2), death (n = 7) due to respiratory and multiorgan failure | – |
| Barca, 2020 | Maxillofacial surgery | Feb to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Berardi, 2020 | Surgical oncology, transplant surgery | Mar 9 2020 to Apr 24 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Bogani, 2020 | Gynecologic Oncology | Feb to Mar 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Bundu, 2014 | All | Jun 2013 to Feb 2015 | – | – | – | – |
| Cai, 2020 | Head and Neck | February 1 to March 10, 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Cai, 2020 | Thoracic | Jan-20 | – | – | – | – |
| Chao, 2020 | ICU | – | Tracheostomy | 53 | Minor: cellulitis (n = 1), bleeding (n = 1). Death (n = 6) |
– |
| Chee, 2004 | All | Feb to Apr 2003 | – | – | – | |
| Chen, 2020 | Obstetrics | Jan to Feb 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Cheung, 2020 | Orthopedics | March 1 to May 22 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Chow 2020 | ENT | April 1, 2020 and April 17, 2020. | – | – | – | – |
| Couto, 2020 | Various | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Cruz, 2020 | ICU | Apr-20 | Peritoneal Dialysis | 14 | bleeding (n = 1), catheter non-function (n = 1) | |
| Cui, 2020 | ENT | Jan to Mar 2020 | Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy | 3 | Bleeding and obstruction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) flow leading to death (n = 1) | ¼ as many outpatient visits during pandemic, 5765 telemedicine encounters |
| Deng 2020 | ENT | Feb to March 2020 | Tracheotomy | 4 during outbreak | Postop incision bleeding (n = 1) | – |
| Doglietto, 2020 | Various | Feb to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Doran, 2020 | HPB and Liver Transplant | Mar-20 | Biliary drainage and balloon dilatation of hepaticojejunostomy | 1 | Asymptomatic post-operative COVID pneumonia (n = 1; CD I) | – |
| Fregatti, 2020 | Surgical oncology | Mar 9 to Apr 9 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Gallego, 2020 | General Surgery | Mar-20 | – | – | – | – |
| Gao, 2020 | General surgery | Jan to Mar 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Garcia-Portabella, 2020 | Orthopedic Surgery | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Gou, 2020 | Pancreatic | Feb-20 | Central venous catheterization and percutaneous drainage of the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, and gallbladder | 7 | Hypoxemia during percutaneous retroperitoneal drainage (n = 1) | – |
| Hassan 2020 | Neurosurgery | March 23 2020–April 20 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| He, 2020 | Vascular surgery/Anesthesiology | – | – | – | – | – |
| Huang, 2020 | Thorascopic lung surgery | Jan 1 2020 to March 31 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Khalafallah, 2020 | Neurosurgery | Mar 18 to Apr 17 2020 | – | – | – | NR; 281 (Apr 2019); 9 (Apr 2020) |
| LeBrun, 2020 | Orthopedics | Mar 20 to Apr 24 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Lei, 2020 | All | Jan to Feb 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Leong, 2020 | Neurosurgery | Feb to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Li 2020 | Transplant | January 20 to March 1, 2020 | – | – | – | 220 telemedicine appointments (during pandemic); 68 outpatient visits (during pandemic) |
| Luong-Nguyen | General Surgery | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Madanelo, 2020 | Urology | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | 122 during COVID; 263 during same period in 2019 |
| Maniscalco 2020 | Orthopedics | Feb 22 2020–Apr 18 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Maniscalco, 2020 | Orthopedics and Traumatology | Feb to Mar 2020 | – | – | – | 100 (per day?) until Feb 21st; 30 (per day?) since Mar 13th; Outpatient clinic activity reduced by 50% |
| Meyer 2020 | Spine | March 17 2020–April 17 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Morrison 2020 | ENT | March 18 – April 21–2020 | – | 20 before outbreak, 16 after outbreak | – | 158 before pandemic, 39 after pandemic |
| Nazer, 2007 | Cardiac | Jan to Feb 2015 | – | – | – | – |
| Ng 2020 | Vascular | Feb–March 2020 | – | – | – | Reduced from 10 half-days a week to 5 half-days a week |
| Oh, 2020 | Obstetrics | Feb 26 to Apr 3 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Paramore 2020 | Urology | Mar 23 2020–Apr 9 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Patel, 2020 | General surgery | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Peng, 2020 | Thoracic | Jan-20 | – | – | – | – |
| Ralli, 2020 | Otolaryngology | Feb to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Rossi, 2020 | Orthopedic Oncology | Dec 2019–Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Saban, 2020 | Ophthalmology | – | Intravitreal injection, panretinal photocoagulation laser therapy | 116 | – | – |
| Schneider, 2020 | Orthopedic Surgery | – | – | – | – | – |
| Shrikhande, 2020 | Various | Mar to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Taha, 2020 | Otolaryngology | Mar to Apr 2020 | Nasal endoscopy | >100 | – | – |
| Tan, 2020 | Neurosurgery | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tankel, 2020 | General surgery | Feb to Apr 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Tien, 2005 | ICU; Emergency OR | May-13 | Tracheostomy | 4 | None | – |
| Turri-Zanoni, 2020 | Otolaryngology | Feb to Apr 2020 | Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy | 19 | No procedure mortality observed | – |
| Valdivia, 2020 | Vascular surgery | Mar 14 to May 14 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Wang, 2020 | Neurosurgery | – | – | – | – | – |
| Wong, 2004 | Obstetrics | Apr-03 | – | – | – | – |
| Yang, 2020 | Gynecologic Oncology | Jan to Feb 2020 | (200 non-surgical hospitalizations) | – | – | – |
| Yang, 2020 | Neurosurgery | Jan 23 to Mar 7 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Zagra 2020 | Neurosurgery | Jan 23 to Mar 7 2020 | – | – | – | – |
| Zhang 2020 | ENT | Jan 23 2020–April 6 2020 | Tracheostomy | 11 (during outbreak) | Wound infection (n = 2); subcutaneous emphysema (n = 1) | – |
| Zhang, 2020 | Obstetrics | Jan to Feb 2020 | – | – | – | – |