Table 4.
Summary of protective measures.
| Author, Year | Virus | Enhanced PPE | Modified screening practices (confirmed negative test prior to surgery, etc.) | Enhanced disinfection and equipment preparation | Negative-pressure OR/procedure rooms; Dedicated ORs for patients presumed/confirmed infected | Modification of workspace (separate patient notes from patient, etc.) | Procedural modification (open tracheostomy, avoidance of diathermy and suction, etc.) | Modified hospital and patient transfer processes (filters applied prior to transfer, no visitor policy, etc.) | Limit HCW, modified staff roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angel, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Barca, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Berardi, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Bogani, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Bundu, 2014 | Ebola | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Cai, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Cai, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Chao, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Chee, 2004 | SARS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Chen, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Cheung, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chow 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | – | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | – |
| Couto, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Cruz, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Cui, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Deng 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Doglietto, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | |||||||
| Doran, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Fregatti, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Gallego, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Gao, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Garcia-Portabella, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Gou, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Hassan 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ |
| He, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Huang, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Khalafallah, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| LeBrun, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lei, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Leong, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Li, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Luong-Nguyen, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Madanelo, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Maniscalco 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Maniscalco, 2020 | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Meyer 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | – | – | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Morrison 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nazer, 2007 | MERS | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ng 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Oh, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Paramore 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – |
| Patel, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Peng, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ralli, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rossi, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Saban, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Schneider, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Shrikhande, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Taha, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Tan, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Tankel, 2020 | COVID-19 | ||||||||
| Tien, 2005 | SARS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Turri-Zanoni, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Valdivia, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Wang, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Wong, 2004 | SARS | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Yang, 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yang, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Zagra 2020 | COVID-19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ✓ |
| Zhang 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | – | – | – | – | ✓ | – | ✓ |
| Zhang, 2020 | COVID-19 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |