Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients stratified by presence or absence of peri-procedural complication.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 1, 126) | Derivation cohort (n = 900) | Validation cohort (n = 226) | P-value |
| Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; IDDM: insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; NIDDM: non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | ||||
| Age, yrs | 83 ± 8 | 83 ± 9 | 82 ± 8 | 0.711 |
| Female | 591 (52%) | 478 (53%) | 113 (50%) | 0.403 |
| Race Caucasian African American Hispanic |
993 (88%) 118 (10%) 15 (2%) |
793 (88%) 94 (10%) 13 (2%) |
200 (89%) 24 (10%) 2 (1%) |
0.788 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.5 ± 6.8 | 28.3 ± 6.5 | 29.4 ± 7.8 | 0.035 |
| NYHA class (III or IV) | 821 (73%) | 661(73%) | 160 (71%) | 0.426 |
| STS score | 6.8 ± 5.5 | 6.6 ± 5.1 | 6.9 ± 5.7 | 0.426 |
| Frailty status Frail |
152 (13%) | 118 (13%) | 34 (15%) | 0.452 |
| Medical history Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension Dyslipidemia Chronic lung disease Home oxygen Coronary artery disease Diabetes IDDM NIDDM Peripheral vascular disease Cerebrovascular accident Chronic renal failure Dialysis Pacemaker placement |
933 (83%) 208 (18%) 758 (67%) 212 (19%) 40 (4%) 629 (56%) 385 (34%) 75 (7%) 310 (28%) 204 (18%) 116 (10%) 246 (22%) 54 (5%) 165 (15%) |
746 (83%) 157 (17%) 603 (67%) 165 (18%) 28 (3%) 509 (57%) 305 (34%) 53 (6%) 252 (28%) 160 (18%) 95 (11%) 201 (22%) 38 (4%) 132 (15%) |
187 (83%) 51 (23%) 155 (69%) 47 (21%) 12 (5%) 120 (53%) 80 (35%) 22 (10%) 58 (26%) 44 (19%) 21 (9%) 45 (20%) 16 (7%) 33 (15%) |
0.959 0.082 0.649 0.402 0.129 0.349 0.669 0.058 0.479 0.558 0.572 0.427 0.086 0.980 |
| Previous surgery history CABG PCI |
187 (17%) 274 (24%) |
150 (17%) 225 (25%) |
37 (16%) 49 (22%) |
0.915 0.294 |
| Approach Transfemoral | 949 (84%) | 754 (88%) | 195 (86%) | 0.348 |
| Anesthesia type Conscious sedation General |
164 (15%) 963 (85%) |
136 (15%) 765 (85%) |
28 (12%) 198 (88%) |
0.292 |
| Ejection fraction, % Aortic valve area, cm2 Mean gradient, mmHg ≥ Aortic regurgitation ≥ Mitral regurgitation ≥ Tricuspid regurgitation |
53.4 ± 13.1 0.7 ± 0.3 44.9 ± 14.3 264 (23%) 569 (51%) 144 (13%) |
52.6 ± 13.7 0.7 ± 0.2 45.4 ± 14.8 216 (24%) 443 (49%) 114 (13%) |
51.6 ± 14.8 0.7 ± 0.2 45.2 ± 15.5 48 (21%) 126 (56%) 30 (13%) |
0.349 0.931 0.853 0.377 0.079 0.808 |