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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gut. 2020 May 12;70(2):401–407. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321040

Table 1.

Study Characteristics

Source Study Site Study design Imaging modality # patients Primary HCC etiology Tumor volume doubling time (months)
Ebara 198629 Japan Prospective US 22 59 % EtOH
14% HBV		 Mean 6.5 ± 5.73.9123
Median: 5.6
Sheu 198519 China Prospective US 28 86% HBV Mean: 4.5 ± 3.1
Median: 3.7
Okazaki 198925 Japan Prospective US, CT 15 13% HBV Mean 3.4 ± 2.5
Median: 2.3
Yoshino 198317 Japan Prospective US, CT 13 Mean: 3.9 ± 3.2
Barbara 199226 Italy Retrospective US 39 28% HBV
28% EtOH		 Mean: 6.7± 4.3
Median: 5.6
Matsuhashi 199632 Japan Prospective US 21 100% HCV
100% EtOH		 Mean: 2.6 ± 1.5
Median: 1.9
Matsuhashi 199632 Japan Prospective US 14 100% HCV Mean: 4.7 ± 2.0
Trere 199547 Italy Prospective US 24 Mean: 11.1 ± 2.2
Median: 8.0
Saitoh 199530 Japan Retrospective CT 15 93% HCV Mean: 10.2 ± 5.0
Median: 9.8
Sadek 199548 USA Prospective MRI 5 40 % HBV
20% HCV		 Mean:2.2 ± 1.2
Median: 2.0
Saito 199833 Japan Retrospective US 21 91% HCV Mean: 6.8 ± 5.3
Median 4.7
Kubota 200349 Japan Retrospective CT 22 69% HCV Mean: 3.8 ± 3.4
Median: 2.7
Nakajima 200231 Japan Retrospective US, CT, MRI 34 94% HCV Mean: 3.0 ± 2.2
Median: 2.5
Taouli 200520 USA Retrospective CT, MRI 11 27% HBV
27% Hep C		 Mean: 6.2 ± 5.3
Median: 4.4
Cucchetti 200522 Italy Retrospective US, CT, MRI 62 65% HCV
Kudo 200850 Japan Prospective US 52
Woo 201051 Korea Retrospective CT 5 100% HBV Mean: 3.3 ± 1.0
Median: 3.6
Furlan 201224 USA, Italy, Rome Retrospective CT, MRI 48 79% HCV
Mochizuki 201228 Japan Prospective CT 19 Mean: 3.6
Shingaki 201327 Japan Retrospective CT 53 77% HCV Mean: 3.0 ± 3.1
Rowe 201423 UK Retrospective 57 >50% HCV Mean: 5.0
Villa 201621 Italy Prospective CT 78 56% HCV Mean: 3.5 ± 3.0
Median: 2.7
Jha 201418 USA Retrospective MRI 52 63% HCV Mean: 5.3 ± 5.4
An 201515 Korea Retrospective CT, MRI 175 66% HBV Mean: 4.2 ± 4.2
Median: 2.8
Kim 201714 Korea Retrospective CT, MRI 269 73% HBV Median: 2.4
Rich 2019 primary cohort4 USA Retrospective CT, MRI 242 68% HCV Median: 7.5
Rich 2019 validation cohort4 USA, UK Retrospective CT, MRI 176 53% HCV Median: 4.5

CT – computed tomography; EtOH – alcohol-related liver disease; HCC – hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV – hepatitis C virus; MRI – magnetic resonance imaging; NASH – nonalcoholic steatohepatitis