Table 1:

Natural extracts used against Mn toxicity.

Plant	Phytochemical composition	Manganese protective effects	Experimental model
Echium amoenum Fisch. & CA Mey Popular name: Red feathers Family: Boraginaceae	Rosmarinic acid, anthocyanin and delphinidin [127,128]	Anti-apoptotic Antioxidant Increased catecholamine levels Behavioral improvements [131]	Rat
Euterpe oleracea Mart. Popular name: Açaí Family: Arecaceae	Carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols  [138] [139].	Antioxidant [138]	Primary cultured astrocytes
Euphorbia supine Raf. Popular name: Prostrate spurge Family: Euphorbiaceae	Quercetin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, nodakenin, quercetin 3-O-hexoside, quercetin 3-O-pentoside, kaempferol 3-O-hexoside, kaempferol 3-O-pentoside, and kaempferol [144]	Reduced the oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Reestablished apoptotic markers [141]	Neuroblastoma SKNMC cells and Sprague-Dawley male rat brain
Melissa officinalis L. Popular name: Common balm Family: Lamiaceae	Rosmarinic acid and flavonoids [147]	Neuroprotection Antioxidant Reestablished superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity [148]	Mice
Gnetum africanum Welw. Popular name: African jointfir Family: Gnetaceae	Alkaloids [149]	Reestablished acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity Reduced nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels [149]	Drosophila melanogaster
Basella alba L. Popular name: Malabar spinach Family: Basellaceae	Phenol compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, saponins, coumarins, limonoids [153]	Improved the reproductive dysfunction induced by Mn-containing compound MANEB [153]	Rat