Table 4.
Percent change in plasma concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation in relation to quintilesa of p,p’-DDT (ng/g lipids) exposure among 416 reproductive-aged women from the South African Study of Women and Babies (SOWB).
| Biomarkersb (nat log) | Adjustedc coefficients (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | |
| IgA | 2.0 (−8.9, 12.9) | −1.3 (−12.5, 9.8) | 1.0 (−10.1, 12.1) | 2.4 (−9.1, 13.9) |
| IgG | −1.6 (−9.6, 6.4) | 2.4 (−5.8, 10.6) | −0.7 (−8.9, 7.5) | 5.4 (−3.0, 13.9) |
| IgM | 9.6 (−2.9, 22.1) | 4.6 (−8.3, 17.4) | 5.4 (−7.5, 18.2) | 3.0 (−10.4, 16.4) |
| IL-1β | 25.9 (−3.3, 55.1) | 31.8 (1.8, 61.7) | 33.7 (3.6, 63.7) | 53.0 (21.7, 84.4) |
| IL-6 | 16.8 (−3.5, 37.1) | 14.5 (−6.3, 35.2) | 19.9 (−0.9, 40.7) | 28.1 (6.4, 49.8) |
| IL-8 | 14.9 (−8.9, 38.7) | 14.6 (−9.7, 39.0) | 13.2 (−11.1, 37.5) | 23.7 (−1.5, 48.8) |
| TNF-α | 6.0 (−7.7, 19.7) | 9.7 (−4.3, 23.7) | 11.9 (−2.2, 25.9) | 26.6 (12.0, 41.1) |
| CRP | 6.4 (−41.2, 54.0) | −49.5 (−98.3, −0.8) | 7.1 (−41.6, 55.7) | −23.2 (−73.6, 27.1) |
| SAA | 20.5 (−21.5, 62.5) | −19.9 (−62.8, 23.1) | −2.0 (−44.9, 40.9) | 8.9 (−35.5, 53.3) |
| I-CAM | 9.5 (−12.7, 31.8) | 0.6 (−22.2, 23.3) | 17.1 (−5.6, 39.9) | 1.4 (−22.2, 25.0) |
| V-CAM | 12.1 (−10.4, 34.5) | −6.1 (−29.0, 16.9) | 8.0 (−14.9, 30.9) | 0.0 (−23.8, 23.7) |
Abbreviations: CRP, C Reactive Protein; Ig, immunoglobulins; I-CAM, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1; IL-1β, Interleukin-1β; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-8, Interleukin-8; SAA, Serum Amyloid A; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; V-CAM, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule.
Cut-points: quintile-1, ≤61.26 (reference); quintile-2, 61.27 to 155.76; quintile-3, 155.77 to 377.95; quintile-4, 377.96 to 1,120.90; and quintile-5, >1120.90 ng/g lipids.
IgA, IgG and IgM: mg/dL; IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α: pg/ml; CRP, I-CAM, SAA and V-CAM: mg/L.
Adjusted for age, BMI, parity, income, and season of sample collection. IgM, IL-1β, and IL-6 models were additionally adjusted for alcohol consumption; IL-6 was additionally adjusted for medication use in the past 24 hours; and TNF-α additionally adjusted for education. P-trend <0.05 for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α models.