Table 2.
Ambient airborne metals and hypertension risk stratified by race/ethnicity in the Sister Study
| Non-Hispanic white (N=40,491) |
Otherb (N=7,104) |
P for interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | PR a (95% CI) | N | PR a (95% CI) | ||
| Arsenic (As) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10798 | 1(referent) | 1100 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10218 | 1.00(0.96,1.04) | 1680 | 1.13(1.04,1.23) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9950 | 1.02(0.98,1.06) | 1951 | 1.14(1.05,1.24) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9525 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 2373 | 1.16(1.07,1.25) | |
| p for trend | 0.13 | 0.002 | 0.01 | ||
| Cadmium (Cd) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10537 | 1(referent) | 1361 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10305 | 1.01(0.98,1.05) | 1594 | 1.01(0.94,1.10) | |
| Quartile 3 | 10321 | 1.04(1.00,1.08) | 1579 | 1.11(1.03,1.20) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9328 | 0.99(0.95,1.03) | 2570 | 1.06(0.99,1.13) | 0.15 |
| p for trend | 0.41 | 0.15 | 0.15 | ||
| Chromium (Cr) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10733 | 1(referent) | 1164 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10319 | 1.02(0.98,1.05) | 1581 | 1.08(0.99,1.17) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9857 | 1.05(1.01,1.09) | 2042 | 1.08(1.00,1.16) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9582 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 2317 | 1.06(0.98,1.14) | 0.52 |
| p for trend | 0.20 | 0.48 | 0.52 | ||
| Cobalt (Co) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10375 | 1(referent) | 1523 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10091 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 1809 | 0.97(0.90,1.04) | |
| Quartile 3 | 10040 | 1.04(1.00,1.07) | 1858 | 1.11(1.03,1.19) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9985 | 1.02(0.99,1.06) | 1914 | 1.08(1.01,1.16) | 0.01 |
| p for trend | 0.56 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Lead (Pb) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10717 | 1(referent) | 1180 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10208 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 1693 | 1.05(0.97,1.14) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9982 | 1.00(0.96,1.04) | 1917 | 1.09(1.01,1.18) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9584 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 2314 | 1.09(1.02,1.18) | 0.02 |
| p for trend | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||
| Manganese (Mn) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10470 | 1(referent) | 1428 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10218 | 1.04(1.00,1.07) | 1681 | 1.03(0.95,1.11) | |
| Quartile 3 | 10250 | 1.02(0.98,1.06) | 1649 | 0.99(0.92,1.07) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9553 | 1.03(0.99,1.06) | 2346 | 1.04(0.98,1.12) | 0.91 |
| p for trend | 0.49 | 0.21 | 0.91 | ||
| Mercury (Hg) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10623 | 1(referent) | 1275 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10198 | 1.03(0.99,1.07) | 1702 | 1.10(1.02,1.18) | |
| Quartile 3 | 10016 | 1.01(0.97,1.04) | 1882 | 1.10(1.02,1.18) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9654 | 0.98(0.94,1.02) | 2245 | 1.01(0.94,1.08) | 0.09 |
| p for trend | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.09 | ||
| Nickel (Ni) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10768 | 1(referent) | 1131 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10352 | 0.98(0.95,1.02) | 1546 | 1.03(0.95,1.12) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9787 | 1.00(0.97,1.04) | 2111 | 1.09(1.02,1.18) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9584 | 0.96(0.93,1.00) | 2316 | 1.01(0.94,1.09) | 0.13 |
| p for trend | 0.08 | 0.59 | 0.13 | ||
| Selenium (Se) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10567 | 1(referent) | 1331 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 9984 | 0.99(0.96,1.03) | 1916 | 1.03(0.96,1.10) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9993 | 1.01(0.98,1.05) | 1906 | 1.06(0.99,1.14) | |
| Quartile 4 | 9947 | 0.95(0.92,0.99) | 1951 | 0.97(0.90,1.05) | |
| p for trend | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.46 | ||
| Antimony (Sb) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 10483 | 1(referent) | 1415 | 1(referent) | |
| Quartile 2 | 10125 | 1.04(1.00,1.08) | 1774 | 1.05(0.98,1.13) | |
| Quartile 3 | 9800 | 1.01(0.97,1.05) | 2098 | 1.08(1.00,1.16) | |
| Quartile 4 | 10083 | 0.98(0.95,1.02) | 1817 | 1.04(0.97,1.12) | |
| p for trend | 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.39 | ||
a
Adjusted for age, education, annually household income, census-tract level income, and census-tract level education
b
Other includes Hispanic, black and other