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. 2020 Aug 25;47(9):789–799. doi: 10.1007/s10295-020-02302-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

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Fig. 3 — On-line profile for 86.4 mM initial phosphate fermenter for air (%), DO (%), gas flow (L/min), O₂ (%), pH, acid (% duty cycle), base (% duty cycle), feed (% duty cycle), temperature (°C) and agitation (RPM). The total gas flow was kept at a constant value of 4.5 L/min consisting of a mixture of air and oxygen. The percentage of the total gas flow that is air and oxygen is represented in the graph. The feed profile was initiated after the DO spike with an exponential feed initially and a constant feed