Fig. 2.

Overview of Koshland’s mechanism of glycoside hydrolysis in human intestinal glycosidases. a Retaining mechanism for α-glucosidases SI and MGAM [22, 25]. b Retaining mechanism of CBG and LPH in the hydrolysis of β-conjugated glycosides [22, 23, 25, 26]. c Inverting mechanism of the α-glycosidase TREH [22, 25, 27]. Lines in red indicate the formation of new bonds