Table 3.
Comparison between spatial point pattern and SES clustering.
| Time span | 2008–2012 | 2013–2017 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spatially associated with OOEs | High frequency in distressed cluster | Spatially associated with OOEs | High frequency in distressed cluster | |
| Abandoned vehicles | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Animal complains | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Bike related items | N/A | N/A | No | No |
| Code violation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Fire hydrant | N/A | N/A | No | No |
| Graffiti | Yes | No | No | No |
| Homeless advocacy | N/A | N/A | Mixed | No |
| Law enforcement | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Parking | No | No | Mixed | No |
| Public health | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Recreation and parks | No | No | No | No |
| Recycling yard waste | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Refuse trash litter | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Sidewalk curbs ramps | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Snow ice removal | Yes | No | Mixed | No |
| Street lighting | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Street maintenance | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Traffic signals | Mixed | No | Yes | No |
| Traffic signs | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Trees | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Water sewers drains | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bold indicates robust surveillance indicators.