Supplementary Fig. 1.

Intra-articular injection of Mg²⁺combined with VC alleviated the synovitis and subchondral bone sclerosis. (A) Left, H&E staining showed the synovitis development at weeks 6 and 12 post-treatment. Scale bar, 100 μm. Right, severity of synovitis was quantified by synovitis scoring at the indicated time points. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. n = 5–6 animals per group. (B) μCT scanning and quantitative analysis on the proximal tibial epiphysis at the medial site. *P < 0.05, n = 6 animals per group.