Figure 1.

Sustained exposure to H. pylori lysate promotes proliferation of GES-1 and MKN-45 cells. GES-1 (A) and MKN-45 (B) cells were co-cultured with H. pylori lysate at a concentration of 0–5 μg/mL for 72 h, respectively. The concentration of H. pylori lysate exhibiting 70%–80% activity of normal cell activity was determined as the long-term co-culture concentration. Cul₃₀-GES-1, B-GES-1, Cul₃₀-MKN-45, and B-MKN-45 cells (n = 5 experiments) were challenged with H. pylori lysate (2 μg/mL for GES-1 cells and 1.5 μg/mL for MKN-45 cells) (C, D) or H. pylori (6×10⁶ CFU/mL) (E, F) for 24 h or 48 h, respectively. Cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. n = 5. (G, H) The proliferation of Cul₃₀-GES-1 and B-GES-1 cells was detected by the plate cloning assay. Image J software was used to count the visible colonies (n = 3 experiments). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.