Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Healthy (n = 32) |
At-risk (n = 22) |
Anxious (n = 22) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | p a |
| Age | 13.50 | (2.08) | 13.32 | (2.34) | 13.26 | (2.47) | .919 |
| Sex (% male) | 40.6 | 48 | 47.8 | .816 | |||
| Tannerb | 3.63 | (0.98) | 3.48 | (1.19) | 3.32 | (1.25) | .616 |
| SES | 26.59 | (13.09) | 34.26 | (13.92) | 27.91 | (11.71) | .077 |
| Ethnicity (% Caucasian) | 78.1 | 92 | 82.6 | .370 | |||
| IQ | |||||||
| Verbal | 110.42 | (16.86) | 108.68 | (13.24) | 108.29 | (16.18) | .866 |
| Performance | 104.71 | (11.59) | 107.60 | (17.08) | 101.81 | (14.10) | .393 |
| C-GAS | 86.72 | (5.36) | 80.42 f | (8.38) | 57.22 gj | (9.13) | < .001 |
| SCARED-R | |||||||
| Children | 18.10 | (8.92) | 25.21 e | (11.15) | 32.21 g | (13.89) | < .001 |
| Parent about child | 9.65 | (6.86) | 16.35 e | (10.23) | 32.34 gj | (11.37) | < .001 |
| STAIC c | |||||||
| State | 48.34 | (5.46) | 49.84 | (5.57) | 54.95 eg | (8.55) | .002 |
| Trait | 48.19 | (7.96) | 54.44 e | (10.11) | 61.77 gh | (9.28) | < .001 |
| CDI | |||||||
| Children | 43.44 | (4.91) | 44.67 | (4.57) | 50.90 gi | (9.53) | < .001 |
| Parent about child | 44.32 | (4.84) | 51.42 e | (9.18) | 58.28 gi | (7.00) | < .001 |
| PARS (children) | |||||||
| Time 1 | 21.27 | (4.38) | |||||
| Time 2 | 19.76 | (5.48) | |||||
| STAI (parent) cd | |||||||
| Mothers | |||||||
| State | 39.22 | (9.96) | 43.92 | (7.93) | 46.45 e | (8.84) | .014 |
| Trait | 37.63 | (8.16) | 48.00 g | (12.67) | 48.27 j | (9.89) | < .001 |
| Fathers | |||||||
| State | 42.00 | (7.90) | 47.31 | (12.87) | 43.56 | (10.16) | .323 |
| Trait | 40.64 | (6.21) | 44.69 | (10.98) | 42.33 | (7.74) | .399 |
Note. SES = Socioeconomic status; C-GAS = Children’s Global Assessment Scale; SCARED-R = Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised; STAIC = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children; CDI = Child Depression Inventory; PARS = Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale;
Group analyses regarding sex and ethnicity of participants were performed using chi squares for quantitative measures, and other variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA);
Positive correlation between age and puberty status in all participants (r = .83, p < .001);
Mean scores of standardised T scores;
to assess parents’ current anxiety symptoms;
p < .05 vs. healthy;
p < .01 vs. healthy;
p < .001 vs. healthy;
p < .05 vs. at-risk;
p < .01 vs. at-risk;
p < .001 vs. at-risk.