Table 2.
Mean baseline, 6, and 12-month postoperative neuropsychological scores (n = 10 subjects).
| Baseline | 6 months | 12 months | Decline ≥ 2 SD | Improvement ≥ 2 SD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-12mos | B-6mos | B-12mos | B-6mos | ||||
| CVLT total recalla | 53.3 (8.2) | 55 (7.0) | 52.7 (12.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CVLT delayed free recallc | 0.0 (0.8) | −0.1 (1.0) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CVLT delayed cued recallc | −0.4 (1.4) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (pt8) | 1 (pt8) |
| CVLT delayed recognition discriminationc | −0.2 (1.8) | 0.1 (0.7) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0 | 0 | 1 (pt8) | 1 (pt8) |
| BVMT-R immediate recalla | 41.1 (16.1) | 47.6 (11.2) | 51.7 (13.0)* | 0 | 0 | 3 (pt1,6,10) | 1 (pt10) |
| BVMT-R delayed recalla | 44.5 (16.8) | 51.1 (9.4) | 53.4 (11.4)* | 0 | 0 | 1 (pt3) | 0 |
| Oral SDMTc | −1.0 (0.9) | −0.5 (0.9)* | −0.6 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| D-KEFS Sorting Test: correct sortsb | 9.8 (1.8) | 12.5 (1.9)* | 13.4 (3.1)* | 0 | 0 | 4 (pt2,3,6,8) | 0 |
| D-KEFS Sorting Test: description scoreb | 10.3 (2.5) | 12.4 (2.2)* | 13.1 (3.3)* | 0 | 0 | 1 (pt8) | 1 (pt8) |
| IGT total scorea | 45.5 (8.9) | 47.0 (9.0) | 49.8 (7.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (pt4) | 0 |
| FrSBe total scorea | 73.9 (14.0) | 66.1 (14.7) | 63.5 (17.0)* | 0 | 0 | 2 (pt3,6) | 1 (pt1) |
| FrSBe disinhibition scorea | 57.8 (20.4) | 52.6 (17.7) | 50.4 (18.6) | 0 | 0 | 3 (pt3,6) | 2 (pt3,6) |
| FrSBe apathy scorea | 88.9 (17.8) | 79.6 (18.2)* | 76.4 (25.3)* | 0 | 0 | 2 (pt3,6) | 1 (pt1) |
| FrSBe dysexecutive scorea | 68.9 (14.1) | 62.7 (8.6) | 60.6 (12.6) | 0 | 0 | 2 (pt3,6) | 1 (pt1) |
Scores were standardized with published normative data, and reported in the following format: a T-Score (mean of 50, SD of 10); b Scaled Score (mean of 10, SD of 3); c Z-Score (mean of 0; SD of 1).
B-12mos Pt change from baseline to 12 months, B-6mos change from baseline to 6 months, Pt patient, CVLT California Verbal Learning Test, BVMT-R Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, FrSBe Frontal Systems Behavior Scale—self-version (lower scores represent fewer behavioral symptoms), IGT Iowa Gambling Task.
*Denotes p < 0.05 on a Wilcoxon signed rank test in comparison to baseline.
Note that 7/10 patients completed the IGT at 6 months, and 9/10 patients completed the ψ IGT at 12 months.