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. 2020 Nov 11;10:19590. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76558-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship and overlap between metabolism of phenolic acids and aminothiols. Enzymes shown by circled numbers: 1. vitamin B6-dependent cystathionine β-synthase; 2. cystathionine γ –lyase; 3. γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase; 4. GSH synthetase; 5. γ-glutamyltransferase; 6. dipeptidase; 7. Met S-adenosyltransferase; 8. glycine N-methyltransferase; 9. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase; 10. GSH peroxidase; 11. sulfotransferase SULT1A1; 12. sulfotransferase SULT1E1; 13. Catechol-O-methyl transferase, COMT; 14. enzymes from gut microbiota; 15. glycine N-acetyltransferase, GLYAT. Solid arrows show direct conversion, dash arrows show multi-step conversions. Met = methionine; Glu = glutamate; GSH = L-glutathione; GSSG = oxidized GSH. Compounds with names in boxes were measured in this study.