Table 1.
Predictor variables and outcome in 36,316 people.
| Variables | In 2013 | In 2014 | In 2015 | In 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 43 (37–50) | 44 (38–51) | 45 (39–52) | – |
| Male gender | 21,985 (61) | 21,985 (61) | 21,985 (61) | – |
| Height (cm) | 167 (160–173) | 167 (160–173) | 167 (160–173) | – |
| Body weight (kg) | 63 (54–72) | 63 (54–72) | 63 (54–72) | – |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81 (75–87) | 81 (74–87) | 81 (75–88) | – |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 116 (106–127) | 117 (106–127) | 117 (106–127) | – |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 72 (65–81) | 73 (65–81) | 73 (65–81) | – |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 91 (85–97) | 91 (86–98) | 91 (86–98) | – |
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 5.4 (5.2–5.7) | – |
| TG (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 85 (59–129) | 85 (60–129) | 86 (60–129) | – |
| LDL-C (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 119 (98–141) | 119 (99–141) | 120 (100–142) | – |
| HDL-C (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 59 (50–71) | 60 (50–72) | 60 (50–73) | – |
| AST (IU/l), median (IQR) | 20 (17–24) | 20 (17–24) | 20 (17–25) | – |
| ALT (IU/l), median (IQR) | 18 (13–27) | 18 (13–27) | 18 (13–27) | – |
| y-GTP (IU/l), median (IQR) | 24 (17–42) | 25 (17–42) | 25 (17–42) | – |
| ECG abnormalities | 362 (1) | 611 (2) | 632 (2) | – |
| Survey responses | ||||
| Medications | ||||
| Anti-hypertensive drugs | 2,776 (8) | 2,975 (8) | 3,207 (9) | – |
| Hypoglycemic drugs | 738 (2) | 801 (2) | 895 (2) | – |
| Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs | 1697 (5) | 1803 (5) | 1,990 (5) | – |
| Past medical history | ||||
| Stroke | 143 (0.4) | 231 (0.6) | 224 (0.6) | – |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 271 (0.7) | 417 (1) | 471 (1) | – |
| Kidney diseases | 38 (0.1) | 55 (0.2) | 36 (0.1) | – |
| Current smoking | 8299 (23) | 8260 (23) | 8158 (22) | – |
| Exercise > 30 min twice a week for a year | 4301 (12) | 5667 (16) | 5,919 (16) | – |
| Annual healthcare cost (JPY) [USD], median (IQR) | 32,930 [286] (8040–100,710) | 36,830 [320] (9270–108,300) | 41,860 [364] (10,740–108,300) | 43,270 [376] (11,390–121,390) |
Values represent n (%), unless otherwise indicated.
IQR interquartile range, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, y-GTP gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, ECG electrocardiogram.