Table 4.
Odds ratio of risk factors associated with primary sarcopenia in Thai community-dwelling outpatient setting.
| Factors | Simple logistic regression analysis | Multiple logistic regression analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odd ratio | 95% CI | p value | Odd ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1 | – | – | |||
| Female | 1.45 | 0.50–4.12 | 0.49 | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 60–69 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| 70–79 | 2.71 | 1.13–6.50 | 0.025 | 6.87 | 1.63–28.88 | < 0.001 |
| > 80 | 14.20 | 4.30–46.86 | < 0.001 | 13.71 | 3.66–51.41 | 0.009 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| < 18.5 | 0.76 | 0.21–2.75 | 0.678 | |||
| 18.5–22.9 | 1 | – | – | |||
| 23–24.9 | 1.20 | 0.47–3.05 | 0.702 | |||
| ≥ 25 | 0.35 | 0.11–1.05 | 0.062 | |||
| Frailty | ||||||
| No frailty | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| Prefrailty | 5.03 | 2.12–11.96 | < 0.001 | 4.75 | 1.90–11.89 | 0.001 |
| Physical activitya | ||||||
| Lowest group | 13.50 | 1.72–105.93 | 0.013 | 15.35 | 1.69–139.47 | 0.015 |
| Middle group | 13.66 | 1.74–107.16 | 0.013 | 17.99 | 1.95–165.73 | 0.011 |
| Highest group | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| History of Fall (time/year) | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | – | – | |||
| 1 | 0.52 | 0.17–1.55 | 0.238 | |||
| ≥ 2 | 0.78 | 0.22–2.73 | 0.691 | |||
| Osteoarthritis of knee | ||||||
| No | 1 | – | – | |||
| Yes | 1.29 | 0.46–3.60 | 0.630 | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | – | – | |||
| 1 | 0.68 | 0.20–2.35 | 0.54 | |||
| 2 | 4.65 | 0.41–52.96 | 0.22 | |||
| Nutrition status (MNA) | ||||||
| Normal | 1 | – | – | |||
| At risk of malnutrition | 2.16 | 0.93–4.95 | 0.07 | |||
| Malnutrition | 0.00 | – | – | |||
| Low protein intake (< 0.8 g/kg/day) | ||||||
| No | 1 | – | – | |||
| Yes | 1.12 | 0.43–2.90 | 0.821 | |||
| Protein intake (g/kg/day) | ||||||
| < 0.6 | 1.40 | 0.28–6.87 | 0.682 | |||
| 0.6–0.79 | 2.21 | 0.47–10.47 | 0.317 | |||
| 0.8–0.99 | 1 | – | – | |||
| ≥ 1 | 3.19 | 0.58–17.64 | 0.184 | |||
Statistically significant p values < 0.05 are in bold.
CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, MNA mini nutritional assessment.
aThe lowest group is 1st–33rd percentile: ≤ 1376 kcal/week, the middle group is 34th–66th percentile: 1376–2764 kcal/week, and the highest group is 67th–100th percentile: ≥ 2764 kcal/week.