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. 2020 Nov 11;10:19569. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76287-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Alarm substance-induced fear conditioning. (A) Schematic drawing of conspecific alarm substance (AS)-induced fear conditioning paradigm. During pre-conditioning (Day-1), fish was given a choice for their preferred colour, either yellow or white coloured compartment (basal preference). After conditioning to AS-induced fear responses (Day-2), their change in preference was assessed based on their total time spent in AS-paired (originally preferred) compartment as compared to the initial preference (Day-3). (B) Representative top-view video tracking of swimming behaviour comparing between pre-conditioned (left) and post-conditioned (right) of control (Non-AS, water-treated, upper panels) and AS-treated fish (lower panels).