Table 2.

Summary of input parameters and their values used in the ABM model

Parameter	Description	Values	Source
Sand fly	Flight range	500 m	[40]
	Active period	Every day from 00:00 h to 8:00 h in spring and summer
	Time interval between meal (forage/bite) and reproduce	5 days
	Lifespan	80 days
	No. of days a sand fly (egg) reaches the end of the larval stage and turns into the adult sand fly	30 days
	Max no. of eggs produced by a sand fly in its whole life (lifespan)	100
	Max no. of eggs produced by a sand fly in each discrete time step (reproduction)	30
	Carrying capacity (maximum number of existing sand flies in each time step)	1000	Experts’ judgments
	Sensory range for move	500 m
	Sensory range for meal (bite/forage)	300 m
	No. of days a sand fly spends in exposed state (ES)	10 days	[41]
	Baseline DMR (for larvae and adults) ($\rho$)	0.1	[33]
	Exponential mortality increases with age ($\sigma$)	0.04
	Degree of mortality deceleration ($\epsilon$)	0.1
Rodent	Movement range	300 m	Experts’ judgments
	Active period	Every day from 00:00 h to 8:00 h in spring and summer	[42]
	Lifespan	3 years
	No. of days a newborn rodent turns into the adult rodent	100 days
	Max no. of rodent reproductions during their lifespan	50
	Max no. of rodent reproductions per reproduction	5
	Carrying capacity (max. no. of existing rodents in each time step)	1000	Experts’ judgments
	Sensory range for move	200 m
Human	Movement range	50 m
	Active period	Every day from 8:00 h to 24:00 h
	Initial no.	100–2000	User settable
	No. of days a human spends in the exposed state (EH)	120 days	[41]
	No. of days a human spends in the infected state (IH)	150 days
	The probability of transiting from recovered state to susceptible state (γ)	0.02	[43]
Infection transmission cycle	Transmission probability of infection from sand fly to human and rodent (α)	0.6	[34]
	Transmission probability of infection from human and rodent to sand fly (β)	0.275