Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Control arm CVVHDF, n = 33 | Intervention arm CVVHD-HCO, n = 35 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 [51,74.5] | 68 [57,74.0] | 0.626 |
| Males | 26 (78.8%) | 18 (51.4%) | 0.180 |
| Actual body weight, kg | 80 [72,100] | 80 [70,90] | 0.341 |
| Height, cm | 174.70 ± 10.58 | 170.83 ± 9.16 | 0.113 |
| BMI | 26 [24, 30] | 27 [24, 30] | 0.873 |
| APACHE II score | 29.27 ± 7.27 | 29.60 ± 8.11 | 0.861 |
| SOFA score | 9.15 ± 3.57 | 10.09 ± 3.88 | 0.305 |
| SAPS II score | 56.27 ± 14.29 | 57.43 ± 14.63 | 0.743 |
| Creatinine (µmol/l) | 240 [170,413] | 188 [129,266] | 0.031 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 19.90 ± 8.80 | 19.14 ± 8.99 | 0.728 |
| urine output during first 24 h (ml) | 530 ± 752 | 518 ± 602 | 0.941 |
| Admission diagnosis | |||
| Sepsis | 9 (27.3%) | 11 (31.4%) | |
| Pneumonia | 3 (9.1%) | 3 (8.6%) | |
| ARDS | 3 (9.1%) | 4 (11.4%) | |
| AKI | 2 (6.1%) | 3 (8.6%) | |
| Hemorrhage | 4 (12.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | |
| Cardiac | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 2 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pancreatitis | 1 (3.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | |
| Liver failure | 1 (3.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| Other | 4 (12.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 108.33 ± 20.94 | 108.29 ± 20,04 | 0.992 |
| MAP mmHg | 70 [62,78.5] | 72 [63,80] | 0.961 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 24 (72.7%) | 33 (94.3%) | 0.16 |
| Vasopressor | 23 (69.7%) | 32 (91.4%) | 0.23 |
| Pre-existing diseases | |||
| Congestive heart failure NYHA IV | 6 (18.2%) | 8 (22.9%) | 0.634 |
| Pre-existing immunosuppression | 9 (27.3%) | 17 (48.6%) | 0.71 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 7 (21.2%) | 10 (28.6%) | 0.484 |
| History of malignancy | 7 (21.2%) | 11 (31.4%) | 0.34 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3 (9.1%) | 8 (22.9%) | 0.123 |
| Indication for RRT | |||
| Metabolic acidosis | 5 (15.2%) | 12 (34.3%) | 0.069 |
| Pulmonary edema | 12 (36.4%) | 15 (42.9%) | 0.584 |
| Hyperpotassemia | 8 (24.2%) | 7 (20%) | 0.673 |
| Anuria (< 100 ml/d) | 26 (78.8%) | 25 (71.4%) | 0.484 |
| Uremia | 20 (60%) | 13 (37.1%) | 0.53 |
| Main reason for AKI | |||
| Septic | 13 (39.4%) | 19 (54.3%) | |
| Postrenal | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cardiorenal | 4 (12.1%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| Toxic | 3 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Hypovolemia | 6 (18.2%) | 3 (8.6%) | |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 3 (9.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Hepatorenal | 2 (6.1%) | 5 (14.3%) | |
| Other | 2 (6.1%) | 3 (8.6%) |
Data presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation or median [25th, 75th quantile]
BMI body mass index, APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, SAPS II simplified acute physiology score II, ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, AKI acute kidney injury, BP blood pressure, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, RRT renal replacement therapy, CVVHDF continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration, CVVHD-HCO continuous veno-venous hemodialysis using high cutoff filter