Table 1.

Study variables

Dependent variables
Uptake of ANC services
1	ANC in the First Trimester
2	Knowing the 7 Pregnancy Danger Signs
3	Having a birth preparedness and complication readiness plan
4	Taking 90 plus Iron-Folic acid tablets during pregnancy
5	Taking the intermittent Presumptive Treatment (IPT) of malaria
6	Having an HIV Test during ANC
Essential newborn care
1	Knowing the 6 Danger signs of the Newborn
2	Early Initiation of Breastfeeding
3	Practicing Skin to Skin
4	Use of a Clean Birthing Kit
5	Childbirth Assisted by a Skilled Birth Personnel
6	Post-natal care beyond 24 h
Male involvement in maternal and newborn care
1	Assists with home and child care
2	Allocates money to healthcare needs
3	Provides a domestic helper
4	Encourages women to seek healthcare
5	Accompanies women to healthcare
6	HIV counselling and support together
Independent variables
1	Male partner involvement in pregnancy care and immediate newborn care
2	Quality of ANC services
3	Essential newborn care

These variables are defined in the sections below