Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis assessing factors associated with the occurrence of Shoulders, neck and/or upper limb pain in a representative sample of 8000 Italian workers
| Variable | OR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | ref | |
| Female | 2.00 | 1.80–2.22 |
| Age | ||
| 19–24 | 0.96 | 0.75–1.22 |
| 25–34 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.21 |
| 35–44 | ref | |
| 45–54 | 1.16 | 1.03–1.31 |
| 55–64 | 1.22 | 1.05–1.43 |
| Educational level | ||
| Lower secondary | ref | |
| Upper secondary | 0.78 | 0.69–0.89 |
| Graduate and post graduate | 0.67 | 0.57–0.78 |
| BMI | ||
| Underweight | 1.33 | 0.95–1.87 |
| Normal | ref | |
| Overweight | 1.17 | 1.05–1.30 |
| Obese | 1.34 | 1.12–1.61 |
| Firm size | ||
| 1 to 9 | ref | |
| 10 to 49 | 1.11 | 0.95–1.31 |
| 50–249 | 1.22 | 1.04–1.44 |
| ≥ 250 | 1.16 | 1.00–1.35 |
| Biomechanical and Ergonomic risk | ||
| No Risk Perceived/No Risk Detected | ref | |
| Risk Perceived /Risk Detected | 1.70 | 1.44–1.99 |
| No Risk Perceived/Risk Detected | 0.86 | 0.70–1.07 |
| Risk Perceived /No Risk Detected | 1.60 | 1.43–1.79 |
| Video Display Terminal risk | ||
| No Risk Perceived/No Risk Detected | ref | |
| Risk Perceived /Risk Detected | 1.02 | 0.89–1.16 |
| No Risk Perceived/Risk Detected | 0.79 | 0.65–0.96 |
| Risk Perceived /No Risk Detected | 1.00 | 0.88–1.13 |
| Work-related stress | ||
| Low | ref | |
| Moderate | 1.22 | 1.07–1.40 |
| High | 1.44 | 1.24–1.67 |
| Very high | 1.78 | 1.53–2.08 |
| Anxiety | ||
| No | ref | |
| Yes | 1.54 | 1.34–1.77 |
| Depression | ||
| No | ref | |
| Yes | 1.36 | 1.12–1.65 |
| Insomnia | ||
| No | ref | |
| Yes | 1.75 | 1.56–1.97 |
| Training on health and safety at work | ||
| Yes | 0.82 | 0.73–0.92 |
| No | ref | |