The cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB)/high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) pathway activated in a human cancer cell line. (a) Cell lysates prepared from the human cancer cell lines (Materials and Methods) were studied to determine the expression levels of HMGA2, HMGA1, CREB (total) and p‐CREB (phosphorylated form) by immunoblotting with the specific antibodies. A solid arrowhead indicates ser‐133 phosphorylated CREB, and an empty arrowhead indicates nonspecific bands. (b) Cell lysates from HCC cell lines were processed as in (a). (c) HepG2 and EJ‐1 cells were treated with CCI at the indicated doses for 48 h, and the cell lysates were then subjected to immunoblotting. (d) HepG2 cells treated with a panel of protein kinase inhibitors (PD95089: MEK1/2, SB203580: p38MAPK, LY294002: PI3K, Triciribine: Akt1/2/3, H‐89: PKA, and KN‐93: CaMKII), as indicated, were lysed and examined by immunoblotting. Consistent with the decrease in phosphorylated CREB, double bands of CREB become single after treatment with KN‐93.