Figure 4.

Vacuole membrane protein 1 (Vmp1) affects proliferation, migration and invasion of HCCLM3 cells. (A) A wound‐healing assay was used to determine the migration of HCCLM3^{VMP 1+} and HCCLM3^vector cells. (B) Invasion assay results showed that upregulation of Vmp1 inhibited the invasion of HCCLM3. For transwell assays, HCCLM3^{VMP 1+} or HCCLM3^vector cells were seeded into the upper chamber of the transwell and the cells that invaded through the pores to the lower surface of the filter were counted. (C) A MTT assay was performed to investigate the proliferation of HCCLM3^{VMP 1+} and HCCLM3^vector cells. Every 24 h the absorbencies of test wells were read and semi‐logarithmic curves were drawn.