Table 1.
Characteristics of the cases and controls
| Cases | Controls | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (Mean, SD) | 59.9 (6.2) | 58.8 (5.1) | <0.05 |
| Gender | |||
| Men | 164 (64.6) | 164 (64.6) | |
| Women | 90 (35.4) | 90 (35.4) | |
| Smoking statusa (%) | |||
| Never | 115 (47.3) | 126 (49.8) | >0.05 |
| Former | 22 (9.1) | 11 (4.4) | |
| Current | 106 (43.6) | 116 (45.9) | |
| Alcohol drinkinga (%) | |||
| Never | 124 (51.5) | 120 (48.2) | >0.05 |
| Former | 17 (7.1) | 10 (4.0) | |
| Current | 100 (41.5) | 119 (47.8) | |
| Family esophageal cancer history (%) | |||
| No | 171 (67.9) | 218 (87.6) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 81 (32.1) | 31 (12.5) | |
| Intake frequency of total fruitsa (%) | |||
| <1 time/month | 141 (55.7) | 108 (43.0) | <0.01 |
| <1 time/week | 74 (29.3) | 58 (23.1) | |
| ≥1 time/week | 38 (15.0) | 85 (33.9) | |
| Intake frequency of total vegetables (%) | |||
| ≤1 time/day | 148 (58.5) | 127 (50.2) | >0.05 |
| >1 time/day | 105 (41.5) | 126 (49.8) | |
| Annual per capita incomea (%) | |||
| <600/year | 98 (40.2) | 78 (32.2) | <0.01 |
| <1200/year | 71 (29.1) | 39 (16.1) | |
| <3000/year | 50 (20.5) | 62 (25.6) | |
| ≥3000/year | 25 (10.3) | 63 (26.0) | |
a
Cochran–Armitage Trend test.