Table 2. Studies on ADHD.
| Author | Study design | Parameter | Number of patients, age in years (y) | Country | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [3] | CS | Conner rating Scale for ADHS | 95 with AD 4 – 18 y | Iran | Prevalence of hyperactivity 20%; attention deficit 29.47%. Attention deficit was associated with AD in the cheek area (p = 0.01) and sleep problems (p = 0.01). |
| [9] | Cohort | ICD-9 | 20,170 siblings of pat. with ADHS 80,680 controls 15.7 ± 5.3 y | TW | Siblings were at an increased risk of developing AD (RR 1.10), asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and other atopic diseases. |
| [8] | Pro, CC | Cortisol levels in saliva, SCORAD, POEM, FBB-ADHS, TSST-C, ICD-10 | 42 with AD 34 with ADHS 31 with AD and ADHS 47 controls 6 – 12 y | D | Children with AD showed increased AHDS-like behavior such as inattention, impulsiveness. Children with ADHD as well as children with AD and ADHD showed a reduced cortisol response to acute stress, but children with AD only did not. |
| [26] | CC | SCORAD, VADRS | 17 with AD 18 controls 6 – 17 y | USA | The VADRS screening test was not significantly more positive for ADHD (p = 0.47) or other behavioral disorders (p = 0.23) in children with AD compared to controls. Children with AD showed ADHD-associated behaviors such as inattention. |
| [32] | Pro, non-interventional | ICD-10, SCORAD, POEM, medical history | 154 children 42 with AD 34 with ADHS, 31 with AD and ADHS 47 controls 6 – 12 y | D | Compared to the control group, significantly increased risk for behavioral problems and lower quality of life in patients with AD alone, ADHD alone, or both AD and ADHD. Higher risk for symptoms of ADHD in children with AD compared to the control group. Intake of antihistamines showed significant association with increased incidence of ADHD symptoms (OR1.88). Current severity of AD symptoms with influence on the severity of ADHD symptoms. |
| [49] | CS | Medical history, DSM-4 | 2,772 thereof 411 with AD 3 – 6 y | TW | Increased risk for ADHS (OR 4.5) in pats. with AD compared to controls.. |
CS = cross-sectional study; CC = case control study; pro = prospective; pat. = patient; y = years; D = Germany; TW = Taiwan; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative risk.