Table 4.
Carbon-based sorbents.
| Material | Target Analyte | Sample Matrix | Linear Range (µg L−1) |
Sensitivity a (ng L−1) |
Recoveries (%) |
Detection Method | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMM-AC | Cu | food | 0.8–180 | 310 | 95.7–103.6 | FAAS | [38] |
| AC-PAN | antibiotics | waste | - | 50–200 | 98–103 | HPLC-DAD | [35] |
| ACF | pesticides | food | - | 1.14–5.89 b | 70–120 | GC-ECD, GC-MS/MS | [53] |
| GO@SiO2 | phytohormones | food | 0.5–50 | 30,000–50,000 | 98.1–118.4 | HPLC-UVD | [39] |
| GO@SiO2 | melatonin, tryptophan | food | 0.25–500 | 50,000–100,000 | 89.1–114.8 | HPLC-DAD, UPLC-MS/MS |
[36] |
| 3D-Mag-CMGO | disperse dyes | waste | 5–1000 | 500–2480 | 70–109 | UFLC-MS/MS | [41] |
| 3D-Mag-CMGO | disperse dyes | environmental | 0.005–5 | 0.17–10.2 | 80.0–112 | UFLC-MS/MS | [42] |
| 3D-Mag-CMGO | pharmaceuticals | environmental | 0.001–0.5 | 0.034–0.63 | 78.0–109 | UFLC-MS/MS | [43] |
| tri-BuA-rGO | pesticides | food | 1–500 b | 0.33–16.5 b | 72.1–120.5 | UHPLC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS |
[40] |
| rGO-CHNPs | velpatasvir | biological | 0.5–45 | 40 | 97.96–103.0 | CPE-FLD | [44] |
| G/Sep | ryboflavin | food | 80–700 | 3000 | 95–104 | FLD | [54] |
| G/Sep | PAH | waste | 0.39–45 | 96–830 | 95.2–100.2 | HPLC-FLD | [37] |
| MCN | sulfonamides | environmental | 0.09–200 | 20–50 | 82.3–110.5 | HPLC-DAD | [45] |
| V-g-C3N4 | PCA | environmental | - | 0.5–2 | 80.12–119.17 | DART-MS, HPLC-UVD |
[46] |
| MWCNTs | PAH, Cd, Cr, Pb | environmental | 0.01–50 | 3–30 | 80.7–116.1 | GC-MS/AAS | [4] |
| MWCNTs | PAH | environmental | - | - | - | GC-MS | [47] |
| MWCNTs | pharmaceuticals | environmental | 0.02–2.5 | 1–8 | 85.99–120.05 | LC-MS/MS | [48] |
| MWCNTs | β-blockers | environmental | 0.005–0.5 | 1 | 80.2–135.7 | GC-MS, LC-MS/MS | [49] |
| QA-Mag-CCNTs | perchlorate | biological | 0.01–1 b | 0.00249 b | 85.2–107 | UFLC-MS/MS | [55] |
| PEG-CNT-MNP | Z-ligustilide | herbal | - | - | 98.9 | HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS |
[56] |
| M-BG | Cr | environmental | 0.4–40 | 100 | 94.4–106 | FO-LADS | [51] |
| DES-MBG | pesticides | environmental | 0.0002–2 | 0.03–0.27 | 80–119 | GC-MECD | [52] |
| OH-MMWCNTs @CTAB |
PAH | engine exhaust | 0.02–1 | 9–100 | 72.65–96.54 | GC-MS | [50] |
a LOD values; b µg kg−1; ACF: activated carbon fibers; CMGO: magnetite-graphene oxide composite; tri-BuA: tri-butylamine; Sep: sepiolite; PCA: phenoxy carboxylic acid; QA-Mag-CCNTs: quaternary ammonium modified magnetic carboxylic carbon nanotubes; FO-LADS: fiber optic linear array detection spectrophotometry; CTAB: cetylthrimethylammonium bromide.