Table 2.
Characteristics of hemodynamically unstable patients with severe trauma
| Variable |
Total (n = 120) |
Before (n = 47) |
After (n = 73) |
P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR, 25–75) | 54.5 (37.3–70.8) | 56.0 (37.0–71.0) | 54.0 (36.5–70.5) | 0.919 |
| Male sex (%) | 81 (67.5) | 35 (74.4) | 46 (63.0) | 0.191 |
| Mechanism of injury (%) | ||||
| Motor vehicle accident | 56 (46.7) | 26 (55.3) | 30 (41.1) | 0.099 |
| Fall from a height | 45 (37.5) | 18 (38.3) | 27 (37.0) | |
| Stabbing | 14 (11.7) | 2 (4.3) | 12 (16.4) | |
| Compression | 5 (4.1) | 1 (2.1) | 4 (5.5) | |
| Blunt mechanism (%) | 106 (88.3) | 45 (97.9) | 61 (83.6) | 0.042 |
| Vital signs on admission | ||||
| GCS total score, median (IQR 25–75) | 11.0 (6.0–14.0) | 9.0 (4.0–14.0) | 13.0 (6.0–14.5) | 0.218 |
| GCS < 9 (%) | 52 (43.3) | 23 (48.9) | 29 (39.7) | 0.320 |
| RR, breaths/min; median (IQR 25–75) | 24.0 (18.0–30.0) | 24.0 (18.0–30.0) | 27.0 (19.5–31.0) | 0.185 |
| SBP, mmHg; median (IQR 25–75) | 70.0 (54.5–88.0) | 72.0 (60.0–98.0) | 70.0 (51.0–82.0) | 0.145 |
| BT, °C; median (IQR 25–75) | 36.0 (35.5–36.7) | 36.0 (35.5–36.8) | 36.0 (35.4–36.6) | 0.969 |
| Pulse rate, b.p.m., median (IQR 25–75) | 110.0 (90.0–130.0) | 110.0 (91.0–130.0) | 110.0 (84.3–129.5) | 0.800 |
| Lowest SBP before initiation hemostasis, mmHg; median (IQR 25–75) | 55.0 (32.5–70.0) | 50.0 (0.0–70.0) | 56.0 (40.0–70.0) | 0.562 |
| Laboratory evaluations at admission, median (IQR 25–75) | ||||
| pH | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 0.809 |
| Base excess, mmol/L | −9.8 (−17.3 to −5.2) | −9.9 (−17.1 to −5.0) | −9.7 (−18.0 to −5.2) | 0.625 |
| Lactate, mg/dL | 65.0 (36.0–98.0) | 66.0 (36.0–99.0) | 58.0 (36.0–93.0) | 0.882 |
| D‐dimer, μg/mL | 43.3 (16.7–97.4) | 57.5 (25.2–140.2) | 38.1 (11.5–95.7) | 0.040 |
| PT‐INR | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.441 |
| Trauma score, median (IQR 25–75) | ||||
| RTS | 5.9 (3.8–6.6) | 5.6 (3.8–6.6) | 6.1 (3.8–6.7) | 0.623 |
| ISS | 43.0 (29.8–55.3) | 50.0 (41.0–59.0) | 34.0 (26.0–50.0) | <0.001 |
| TRISS‐Ps, % | 37.0 (5.3–75.2) | 25.3 (3.2–48.4) | 57.3 (7.1–84.7) | 0.008 |
After, plasma transfusion initiated after hemostasis initiation; Before, plasma transfusion initiated before hemostasis initiation; BT, body temperature; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; ISS, Injury Severity Score; PT‐INR, prothrombin time – international normalized ratio; RR, respiratory rate; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TRISS‐Ps, probability of survival calculated by the trauma and injury severity score.