Fig. 3.

A cell extracts energy and matter from the environment to decrease entropy locally, in spite of a global trend to a higher entropy. The generated order can be converted into biological work in the form of specific cellular functions, (immune, respiratory, etc) as well as adaptation and injury repair. The functional reserve of a cell depends on the kinetics of basal regeneration – rate of conversion of absorbed energy and matter into cellular structure and activity. We identified three metabolic processes that can be enhanced using biophysical stimuli: photomagnetic catalysis of ATP synthesis, regenerative biomodulation using visible monochromatic light and the ultrasonic acceleration of cell restructuring.