Table 2.
Symptoms and Laboratory and Radiographic Findings of Those Referred for COVID-19 Testing
| Clinical findings | Underwent C19 Testing |
C19 Positive |
C19 Negative |
Two-Sided p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 51 | n = 24 | n = 27 | ||
| Symptoms reported, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 23 (45) | 14 (58) | 9 (33) | 0.095 |
| Fatigue | 26 (51) | 12 (50) | 14 (52) | 1.000 |
| Cough | 38 (75) | 17 (71) | 21 (78) | 0.749 |
| Dyspnea | 23 (45) | 10 (42) | 13 (48) | 0.780 |
| Altered taste or smell | 4 (8) | 1 (4) | 3 (11) | 0.612 |
| Diarrhea or abdominal pain | 8 (16) | 4 (17) | 4 (15) | 1.000 |
| Asymptomatic | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0.492 |
| Laboratory findings, n (%) | 31 (61) | 14 (58) | 17 (63) | |
| Acute kidney injurya | 7 (23) | 3 (21) | 4 (24) | 1.000 |
| White blood cell count, median (min-max) | 7.65 (3.07–16) | 5.91 (3.07–16.00) | 8.08 (4.37–12.42) | 0.284 |
| Absolute neutrophil count, median (min-max) | 5.74 (1.87–14.00) | 4.19 (2.36–14.00) | 6.07 (1.87–10.49) | 0.508 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, median (min-max) | 0.63 (0.28–2.34) | 0.63 (0.36–1.40) | 0.87 (0.28–2.34) | 0.292 |
| Liver function test elevationb | 8 (26) | 5 (36) | 3 (18) | 0.412 |
| Imaging obtained, n (%) | 38 (75) | 16 (67) | 22 (81) | |
| Imaging modality | 0.324 | |||
| Chest radiograph | 17 (45) | 9 (56) | 8 (36) | |
| CT chest | 21 (55) | 7 (44) | 14 (64) | |
| Imaging findings | ||||
| COVID-19 pneumonia imaging classificationc | 0.001 | |||
| Negative | 17 (45) | 4 (25) | 13 (60) | |
| Indeterminate | 8 (21) | 2 (12) | 6 (27) | |
| Atypical | 3 (8) | 1 (6) | 2 (9) | |
| Typical | 10 (26) | 9 (56) | 1 (5) | |
| Lung cancer-related finding | 26 (68) | 10 (63) | 16 (73) | 0.725 |
| Treatment-related changesd | 25 (66) | 9 (56) | 16 (73) | 0.323 |
| New pulmonary embolism | 1 (3) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0.421 |
| Supportive oxygen therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Baseline O2 required by nasal cannula | 4 (8) | 2 (8) | 2 (7) | 1.000 |
| Max O2 required above baselinee | 0.005 | |||
| No supplemental O2 required | 35 (69) | 11 (46) | 24 (89) | |
| Nasal cannula, 1–2 liter | 5 (10) | 3 (13) | 2 (7) | |
| Nasal cannula, 3–6 liter | 6 (12) | 5 (21) | 1 (4) | |
| Nonrebreather | 3 (6) | 3 (13) | 0 | |
| Bilevel positive airway pressure | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | 0 |
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Cr, creatinine; CT, computed tomography; TB, tuberculosis.
Acute kidney injury defined by Kidney Disease | Improving Global Outcomes 2012 Guidelines17 (Cr increased ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline or ≥1.5 times baseline).
Liver function test elevation defined by AST, ALT, and TB greater than the upper limit of normal at presentation.
According to the Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19.13
Changes related to previous surgery, radiation, pleurodesis, or PleurX catheter
No patients received high-flow nasal cannula as their maximal level of supplemental oxygen therapy.