Table 2.

Popular tools for federated learning research

Project name	Developer	Description
PySyft [87]	OpenMined	It decouples private data from model training using federated learning, DP, and MPC within PyTorch. TensorFlow bindings are also available [77].
TFF [31]	Google	With TFF, TensorFlow provides users with a flexible and open framework through which they can simulate distributed computing locally.
FATE [3]	Webank	FATE support the Federated AI ecosystem, where a secure computing protocol is implemented based on homomorphic encryption and MPC.
Tensor/IO [24]	Dow et al.	Tensor/IO is a lightweight cross-platform library for on-device machine learning, bringing the power of TensorFlow and TensorFlow Lite to iOS, Android, and React native applications.