Table 1.

Challenges of Existing Authentication Schemes

Existing Scheme Based on Privacy Preservation	Key Agreement Properties							Security Attacks
	CH1	CH2	CH3	CH4	CH5	CH6	CH7	CH8	CH9	CH10	CH11	CH12	CH13
Liu et al. [29], 2014	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Jiang et al. [21], 2016	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Yu et al. [44], 2016	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Hu et al. [18], 2017	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Gunasinghe et al. [17], 2017	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Liu et al. [30], 2018	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Li et al. [26], 2018	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Deebak et al. [12], 2019	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Madhusudhan et al. [31], 2020	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No

CH₁ Property of Proper Mutual Authentication, CH₂ Property of Secure Session-Key, CH₃ Property of Known-Key Agreement, CH₄ Property of User-Anonymity, CH₅ User Friendliness, CH₆ Property of Secret Key Disclosure, CH₇ Property of Perfect Forward Secrecy, CH₈ Resilient Stolen Smart Card Attack, CH₉ Resilient to Password-Guessing Attack, CH₁₀ Resilient to Stolen-Verifier Table Attack, CH₁₁ Resilient to Privileged-Insider Attack, CH₁₂ Resilient to Key-Impersonation Attack, CH₁₃ Resilient to Sensor Node Capture Attack.