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Effects of CA and PDT on cell death of A549 cells by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Where, (a) group 1 (control), untreated cells; (b) group 2, laser control (5 J/cm2); (c) group 3 (PDT), PS (15 µM) + laser (5 J/cm2); (d) group 4 (Phyto-PDT), CA (52 µM) + PS (15 µM) + laser (5 J/cm2). CA-PDT treatment resulted in significantly increased number apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to PDT, irradiation alone and control cells.
