Table 1.

Effect of CA in PDT on percentage cell viability and cytotoxicity of lung cancer cells.

Groups	Cell Viability (Trypan Blue)	Cytotoxicity (LDH Leakage)
	Percentage (%)	Absorbance @490 nm
Group 1	98.24 ± 0.84	0.08 ± 0.02
Group 2	84.77 ± 0.39 *	0.34 ± 0.01 *
Group 3	51.43 ± 0.72 **	0.76 ± 0.14 **
Group 4	27.80 ± 1.56 ***	1.53 ± 0.52 ***

Group 1 (Control), untreated cells; group 2, laser control (5 J/cm²); group 3 (PDT), PS (15 µM) + laser (5 J/cm²); group 4 (Phyto-PDT), CA (52 µM) + PS (15 µM) + laser (5 J/cm²); Values presented as mean ± SE from independent duplicate experiments with statistical significance at; n = 4; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.