Table 3.

Review of the plants that show anti-herpes simplex virus activities with their prospective family, part, type of extract, and inhibition target.

No.	Plant	Family	Part	Extract	Mode of Action/Virus	Ref.
1	Peganum harmala	Nitrariaceae	Seed	Methanol	Virucidal action/HSV2	[111]
2	Pistacia vera	Anacardiaceae	Seed	Methanol	Viral DNA synthesis inhibition/HSV1	[112]
3	Rhus aromatica	Anacardiaceae	Root	Aqueous	Inhibit the virus penetration/HSV1	[113]
4	Quercus brantii	Cynipidae	Fruit	Chloroform	Inhibit virus entry/HSV1	[114]
5	Tanacetum parthenium	Asteraceae	Arial	Aqueous	Virus replication imbibition/HSV1	[115]
6	Centella asiatica	Umbelliferae	Aerial	Aqueous	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[116]
7	Pistacia lentiscus	Anacardiaceae	Stem	Methanol	Virus absorption imbibition/HSV2	[111]
8	Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	Leaves	Aqueous	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[116]
9	Eucalyptus denticulata	Myrtaceae	Aerial	Acetone	Inhibit virus entry/HSV1	[117]
10	Aglaia odorata	Meliaceae	Leaf	Ethanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[118]
11	Euphorbia coopire	Euphorbiaceae	Flowers	Chloroform/methylene chloride	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[119]
12	Rhus aromatica	Anacardiaceae	Bark	Aqueous	Inhibit virus entry/HSV2	[113]
13	Anacardium occidentale	Anacardiaceae	Leaf	Aqueous	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[120]
14	Phoradendron crassifolium	Loranthaceae	Leaf	Ethanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[120]
15	Morus alba	Moraceae	Leaf	Aqueous methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[119]
16	Aloe vera	Liliaceae	Leaf	Gel	Replication inhibition/HSV1	[121]
17	Annona muricata	Annonaceae	Stembark	Petroleum ether	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[122]
18	Petunia nyctaginiflora	Solanaceae	Stembark	Petroleum ether	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[122]
19	Cuphea carthagenensis	Lythraceae	Ariel	Ethanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[123]
20	Graptopetalum paraguayense	Crassulaceae	Leaf	Methanol/water	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[124]
21	Prunus dulcis	Rosaceae	Almond skin	Methanol/Hcl	Block virus entry	[125]
22	Equisetum giganteum	Equisetaceae	Root and stem	Ethanol/water	Inhibition of viral cell attachment and entry/HSV2	[126]
23	Schinus terebinthifolia	Anacardiaceae	Bark	Ethanol/water	Inhibition of viral attachment and penetration/HSV1	[127]
24	Nepeta nuda	Lamiaceae	Aerial	Aqueous	Inhibition of viral absorption and replication/HSV1	[128]
25	Cornus canadensis	Cornaceae	Leaf	Aqueous	Virus absorption inhibition/HSV1	[129]
26	Strychnos pseudoquina	Loganiaceae	Stem	Ethyl acetate	Interference with various steps of virus cycle/HSV1	[130]
27	Tillandsia usneoides	Bromeliaceae	Fruits	Ethanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[123]
28	Copaifera reticulate	Fabaceae	Leaf	Ethanol/water	Inhibition of viral cell attachment and entry/HSV2	[126]
29	Spondias mombin	Anacardiaceae	Leaf	Methanol	Inhibition of viral cell attachment/HSV1	[131]
30	Solanum melongena	Solanaceae	Peel	Ethanol	Reduction of viral protein Expression/HSV1	[132]
31	Ixeris Sonchifolia	Compositae	Whole plant	Methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[133]
32	Eurycoma longifolia	Simaroubaceae	Stem	Methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[134]
33	Garcinia mangostana	Guttiferae	Leaf	Methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[134]
34	Peganum harmala	Nitrariaceae	Seed	Methanol	Block virus entry/HSV2	[135]
35	Erica multiflora	Ericaceae	Ariel	Methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[136]
36	Toona sureni	Meliaceae	Leaf	Methanol	Inhibition of viral replication/HSV1	[134]
37	Eucalyptus caesia	Myrtaceae	Aerial	Hydro-distillation	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[137]
38	Vachellia nilotica	Fabaceae	Bark	Methanol	Block virus attachment/HSV2	[138]
39	Stephania cepharantha	Menispermaceae	Root	Methanol	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[139]
40	Zygophyllum album	Zygophyllaceae	Whole plant	Acetone	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[136]
41	Ficus religiosa	Moraceae	Bark	Methanol	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[140]
42	Eucalyptus alba	Myrtaceae	Fruit	Aqueous	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[134]
43	Swertia chirata	Renunculaceae	Leaf	Aqueous	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[141]
44	Scoparia dulcis	Plantaginaceae	Leaf	Methanol	Inhibit the viral replication/HSV1	[142]
45	Pedilanthus tithymaloides	Euphorbiaceae	Leaves	Methanol	inhibition of viral replication/HSV2	[143]
46	Melaleuca leucadendron	Myrtaceae	Fruit	Aqueous	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[134]
47	Andrographis paniculata	Acanthaceae	Leaf	Ethanol	Virucidal effect/HSV1	[144]
48	Artemisia kermanensis	Asteraceae	Aerial	Hydro-distillation	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[137]
49	Vigna radiata	Fabaceae	Spout	Methanol	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[145]
50	Schleichera oleosa	Sapindaceae	Fruit	Aqueous	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[134]
51	Quercus persica	Fagaceae	Fruit	Hydro alcoholic	Viral attachment inhibition/HSV1	[146]
52	Pongamia pinnata	Papillionaceae	Seed	Aqueous	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[147]
53	Pterocarya stenoptera	Juylandaceae	Bark	Methanol	Viral attachment and penetration inhibition/HSV2	[148]
54	Avicennia marina	Avicenniaceae	Leaf	Methanol	Viral replication inhibition/HSV1	[149]
55	Nephelium lappaceum	Sapindaceae	Pericarp	Water/methanol	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[134]
56	Zataria multiflora	Labiatae	Aerial	Hydro-distillation	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[137]
57	Ocimum sanctum	Lamiaceae	Aerial	Methanol	Viral infection inhibition/HSV1	[150]
58	Artocarpus lakoocha	Moraceae	Wood	Methanol	Viral infection inhibition/HSV1	[106]
59	Scaevola gaudichaudiana	Asteraceae	Aerial	Dichloromethane	Viral absorption inhibition/HSV1	[151]
60	Rosmarinus officinalis	Lamiaceae	Aerial	Hydro-distillation	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[137]
61	Limonium sinense	Plumbaginaceae	Root	Ethanol	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[152]
62	Prunella vulgaris	Lamiaceae	Fruit spikes	Aqueous	Block HSV-1 binding	[153]
63	Heterophyllaea pustulata	Rubiaceae	Fruit	Dried powder	Viral absorption inhibition/HSV1	[154]
64	Filicium decipiens	Sapindaceae	Stem bark	Water/methanol	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[134]
65	Punica granatum	Punicaceae	Pericarp	Water/methanol	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[134]
66	Satureja hotensis	Lamiaceae	Aerial	Hydrodistillation	Virucidal activity/HSV1	[137]