Table 3.

The bivariate results of the variables related to health professionals’ behavior.

		Cluster Group
		Total	1	2	3	4	5	X 2	df 1	p 2
Rights Supported and Promoted by Healthcare Institutions								34.41	8	<0.001
Yes	n	3484	1459	980	554	464	27
	%	22.2	23.7	21.7	21.6	19.4	30.3
No	n	10,664	4073	3053	1795	1689	54
	%	67.9	66.2	67.6	69.9	70.8	60.7
NK/NA 3	n	1567	623	484	218	234	8
	%	10.0	10.1	10.7	8.5	9.8	9.0
Patient Being Asked for Express Consent and Provided with Information								14.86	8	0.062
Yes	n	9093	3653	2612	1469	1305	54
	%	51.8	53.3	51.0	51.6	49.6	57.4
No	n	8047	3044	2386	1318	1260	39
	%	45.9	44.4	46.6	46.3	47.9	41.5
NK/NA 3	n	401	152	122	61	65	1
	%	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.1	2.5	1.1
Patient Criticized by Ironic or Discrediting Remarks								22.57	8	0.004
Yes	n	6045	2307	1737	992	984	25
	%	34.5	33.7	33.9	34.8	37.4	26.6
No	n	11,203	4443	3285	1814	1594	67
	%	63.9	64.9	64.2	63.7	60.6	71.3
NK/NA 3	n	293	99	98	42	52	2
	%	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.5	2.0	2.1
Treated with Nicknames or Childish Diminutives								15.97	8	0.043
Yes	n	5502	2068	1613	939	859	23
	%	31.4	30.2	31.5	33.0	32.7	24.5
No	n	9867	3936	2895	1541	1438	57
	%	56.3	57.5	56.5	54.1	54.7	60.6
NK/NA 3	n	2172	845	612	368	333	14
	%	12.4	12.3	12.0	12.9	12.7	14.9
Difficult or Impossible to Voice Doubts, Fears or Concerns								15.72	8	0.047
Yes	n	8423	3200	2465	1384	1332	42
	%	48.0	46.7	48.1	48.6	50.6	44.7
No	n	8618	3449	2517	1374	1227	51
	%	49.1	50.4	49.2	48.2	46.7	54.3
NK/NA 3	n	500	200	138	90	71	1
	%	2.9	2.9	2.7	3.2	2.7	1.1
Patient Perceived Unnecessary and/or Painful Procedures During Birth								23.81	8	0.002
Yes	n	7786	2930	2318	1281	1223	34
	%	44.4	42.8	45.3	45.0	46.5	36.2
No	n	8675	3494	2511	1365	1250	55
	%	49.5	51.0	49.0	47.9	47.5	58.5
NK/NA 3	n	1080	425	291	202	157	5
	%	6.2	6.2	5.7	7.1	6.0	5.3
Patient Asked for Consent for Unnecessary and/or Painful Procedures								7.36	8	0.498
Yes	n	487	183	127	98	75	4
	%	6.3	6.3	5.6	7.6	6.3	11.4
No	n	6959	2636	2061	1153	1079	30
	%	90.4	90.4	91.3	89.0	90.4	85.7
NK/NA 3	n	251	97	69	44	40	1
	%	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.4	2.9

¹df: Degrees of Freedom; ² Chi-squared test; ³ NK/NA: Not know/no answer.