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. 2020 Oct 22;25(21):4891. doi: 10.3390/molecules25214891

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Role of gut microbiota in the prevention of neuroinflammation. Microbial products and metabolites can induce brain immunity indirectly by activating signaling pathways or directly through passing BBB. Gut microbiota regulates gut immunity hemostasis and modulates systemic immunity and brain immunity as well. Finally, gut commensal and their metabolites modulate microglia maturation and function, maintain BBB integrity, and prevent neuroinflammation. SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; Tregs; t regulatory cells; Th17: T-helper 17. Created with BioRender.com.