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. 2020 Oct 22;25(21):4883. doi: 10.3390/molecules25214883

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Chromatogram of simultaneous separation of carboxylic acids under single-run chromatographic conditions. Peaks: 1, oxalic; 2, tartaric; 3, malic; 4, malonic; 5, lactic; 6, acetic; 7, maleic; 8, citric; 9, succinic; 10, fumaric; 11, propionic; 12, levulinic; 13, methylsuccinic; 14, pyromellitic; 15, gallic; 16, protocatechuic; 17, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic; 18, trimellitic; 19, phthalic; 20, 4-hydroxybenzoic; 21, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic; 22, vanillic; 23, syringic; 24, 2-methoxybenzoic; 25, trimesic; 26, benzoic; 27, ferulic; 28, salicylic; 29, 3-methoxybenzoic; 30, 2-methylbenzoic; 31, cinnamic; 32, 3-methoxycinnamic acid. [34]—Reproduced with the permission of Springer Nature.