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. 2020 May 6;49(4):1282–1293. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa047

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Potential explanations for observed associations between non-syndromic cleft lip with/without palate (nsCL/P) and lower educational attainment. In this study, we use genetic variants to assess whether individuals born with nsCL/P are genetically predisposed to low educational attainment (Explanation A).