Table 3.
Summary of results obtained following meta-analysis of all variables studied in nulliparous women. Summary of results obtained following meta-analysis of all variables studied in multiparous women.
| Variable | Number of Studies | Number of Subjects | Egger Bias (p-Value) |
I2 95% CI | Cochran’s Q (p-Value) |
OR 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 min Apgar Score <7 | 1 | 307 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| 5 min Apgar score <7 | 6 | 116,624 | 0.7861 | 71.0 (2,1–85,6) | 0.0041 | 1.65 (1.20–2.27) |
| 5 min Apgar score <4 | 2 | 36,922 | NC | NC | 0.7026 | 2.27 (1.08–4.74) |
| 5 min Apgar Score <3 | 1 | 21,991 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Umbilical artery pH <7 | 2 | 29,117 | 0.8132 | NC | 0.8132 | 2.30 (0.94–5.69) |
| Umbilical artery pH <7.10 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Umbilical artery base excess >−12 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Acidosis | 1 | 33,429 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Birth depression | 1 | 55,936 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Resuscitation at delivery | 2 | 42,020 | NC | NC | <0.001 | 2.60 (0.81–8.63) |
| Intubation | 2 | 46,665 | NC | NC | 0.681 | 2.19 (1.23–3.90) |
| Heart compressions | 1 | 42,539 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| ANR | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Meconium aspiration | 1 | 42,539 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | 1 | 4487 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | 8 | 156,650 | 0.8326 | 48.8 (0.0–75.4) | 0.0573 | 1.63 (1.44–1.84) |
| Prolonged neonatal stay | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Neonatal seizures | 3 | 70,571 | NC | 92.3 (78.6–95.8) | <0.001 | 4.67 (0.78–27.78) |
| Neonatal sepsis | 3 | 82,053 | NC | 0.0 (0–72.9) | 0.7962 | 1.57 (1.07–2.29) |
| Birth trauma | 1 | 4064 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Minor trauma | 1 | 55,936 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Major trauma | 1 | 55,936 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Shoulder dystocia | 1 | 20,029 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Brachial plexus injury | 1 | 4126 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Erb’s palsy | 1 | 21,991 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | 1 | 42,539 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Hypothermia treatment | 1 | 42,539 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Composite neonatal morbidity | 1 | 4126 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Any perinatal morbidity | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Neonatal death | 2 | 28,032 | NC | NC | NC | 7.21 (0.37–139.71) |
| Variable | Number of Studies | Number of Subjects |
Egger Bias
(p-Value) |
I2 95% CI |
Cochran’s Q
(p-Value) |
OR 95% CI |
| 1 min Apgar Score < 7 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 5 min Apgar score < 7 | 3 | 72,857 | NC | 0.0 (0.0–72.9) | 0.987 | 3.67 (2.48–5.43) |
| 5 min Apgar score < 4 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 5 min Apgar Score ≤ 3 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Umbilical artery pH < 7 | 1 | 5158 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Umbilical artery pH < 7.10 | 1 | 1912 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Umbilical artery base excess > −12 | 1 | 5158 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Acidosis | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Birth depression | 1 | 65,554 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Resuscitation at delivery | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Intubation | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Heart compressions | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| ANR | 1 | 2145 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Meconium aspiration | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Meconium-stained amniotic fluid | 2 | 11,193 | NC | NC | 0.121 | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) |
| Admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit | 3 | 76,692 | NC | 0.0 (0.0–72.9) | 0.417 | 2.41 (2.02–2.88) |
| Prolonged neonatal stay | 1 | 5158 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Neonatal seizures | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Neonatal sepsis | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Birth trauma | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Minor trauma | 1 | 65,554 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Major trauma | 1 | 65,554 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Shoulder dystocia | 1 | 5158 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Brachial plexus injury | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Erb’s palsy | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hypothermia treatment | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Composite neonatal morbidity | 2 | 7303 | NC | NC | 0.330 | 1.97 (1.39–2.80) |
| Any perinatal morbidity | 1 | 65,554 | NC | NC | NC | NC |
| Neonatal death | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
ANR: advanced neonatal resuscitation; NC: not calculated; NR: not reported.