Table 2.
Results From Fully Adjusted Regression Models of the Association Between Sex and Poststroke Cognitive Outcomes, Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project, United States, 2009–2016
| Dichotomized Outcome | Continuous Outcome | |
|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||
| Men | Reference | Reference |
| Women | 0.82 (0.61–1.09) | 0.76 (−0.60 to 2.12) |
| Age | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | −0.44 (−0.48 to −0.40) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non‐Hispanic white | Reference | Reference |
| Mexican American | 1.85 (1.49–2.30) | −4.07 (−5.33 to −2.80) |
| Other | 2.30 (1.70–3.10) | −4.49 (−5.97 to −3.01) |
| Education | ||
| Below high school | Reference | Reference |
| High school | 0.35 (0.30–0.41) | 7.91 (7.05–8.76) |
| Vocational/some college | 0.22 (0.16–0.31) | 10.34 (9.09–11.59) |
| College or more | 0.18 (0.14–0.23) | 12.52 (10.93–14.12) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/partnered | Reference | Reference |
| Single | 1.47 (1.19–1.81) | −2.84 (−4.16 to −1.51) |
| Widowed | 1.36 (1.07–1.74) | −1.22 (−2.38 to −0.07) |
| Separated/divorced | 0.86 (0.67–1.12) | −0.37 (−1.43 to 0.68) |
| Health insurance status | ||
| Insured | Reference | Reference |
| Uninsured | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | −0.21 (−1.13 to 0.72) |
| Stroke type | ||
| Ischemic stroke | Reference | Reference |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 2.00 (1.56–2.58) | −3.78 (−4.73 to −2.83) |
| Stroke severity (NIHSS) | ||
| Linear term | 1.16 (1.12–1.19) | −3.70 (−4.64 to −2.76) |
| Quadratic term | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | Not applicable |
| Prestroke cognitive function (IQCODE) | ||
| Normal | Reference | Reference |
| Cognitive impairment no dementia | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) | −0.62 (−1.66 to 0.43) |
| Dementia | 2.86 (1.83–4.46) | −5.95 (−9.05 to −2.86) |
| Prestroke depression status | ||
| No history of depression | Reference | Reference |
| History of depression | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 0.01 (−2.33 to 2.35) |
| On medication for depression at stroke onset | 1.02 (0.63–1.66) | −0.39 (−3.21 to 2.42) |
| Prestroke disability (mRS) | ||
| No symptoms/disability | Reference | Reference |
| Slight/moderate disability | 1.24 (1.01–1.51) | −0.97 (−1.84 to −0.11) |
| Moderately severe/severe disability | 1.85 (1.10–3.12) | −3.87 (−6.68 to −1.07) |
| No. of medical conditions | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | −0.16 (−0.56 to 0.24) |
| Current smoking | ||
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Yes | 1.46 (1.19–1.81) | −1.14 (−1.86 to −0.43) |
| Obesity | ||
| Normal | Reference | Reference |
| Overweight | 0.96 (0.71–1.29) | −0.21 (−1.87 to 1.44) |
| Obese | 0.80 (0.60–1.05) | 0.91 (−0.85 to 2.67) |
The sample size for all models was 1227.
IQCODE indicates Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; and NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.