Table 4.
Characteristics Associated With Postpartum Ambulatory Care Follow‐up Within 6 Months After Delivery According to Provider Type in Multivariable Analysis
| Primary Care | Women's Health | Any Provider | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age ≥30 y | 1.24 (1.22–1.26) | <0.0001 | 0.86 (0.85–0.87) | <0.0001 | 0.94 (0.93–0.95) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Black | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 0.0006 | 0.91 (0.89–0.93) | <0.0001 | 0.92 (0.9–0.94) | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | <0.0001 | 0.87 (0.86–0.89) | <0.0001 | 0.85 (0.84–0.87) | <0.0001 |
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| HS graduate or less | 0.91 (0.89–0.92) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | <0.0001 | 0.99 (0.98–1.0) | 0.1366 |
| Geographic region | ||||||
| Northeast | 2.5 (2.43–2.57) | <0.0001 | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (1.31–1.36) | <0.0001 |
| Midwest | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.2 (1.18–1.22) | <0.0001 | 1.25 (1.23–1.27) | <0.0001 |
| South | 1.51 (1.48–1.55) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (1.15–1.18) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (1.29–1.33) | <0.0001 |
| West | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Obstetrics history | ||||||
| Cesarean delivery | 1.1 (1.08–1.11) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.11–1.14) | <0.0001 | 1.15 (1.13–1.16) | <0.0001 |
| Preterm delivery | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) | <0.0001 | 1.28 (1.27–1.3) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.27–1.3) | <0.0001 |
| Multiple gestations | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 0.0001 | 0.86 (0.84–0.9) | <0.0001 | 0.85 (0.82–0.88) | <0.0001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | <0.0001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.1) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertensive disorders | ||||||
| Gestational hypertension | 1.1 (1.07–1.13) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.11–1.16) | <0.0001 | 1.14 (1.12–1.17) | <0.0001 |
| Nonsevere preeclampsia | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.13–1.19) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.13–1.19) | <0.0001 |
| Severe preeclampsia | 1.15 (1.1–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.1 (1.06–1.14) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic hypertension | 1.24 (1.20–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.14 (1.12–1.17) | <0.0001 | 1.23 (1.2–1.26) | <0.0001 |
| Medical comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.19 (1.13–1.24) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | <0.0001 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | <0.0001 |
| Lipid disorder | 1.79 (1.73–1.85) | <0.0001 | 1.23 (1.2–1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.56 (1.52–1.61) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.75 (1.56–1.96) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (0.98–1.2) | 0.1398 | 1.42 (1.27–1.58) | <0.0001 |
| Kidney disease | 1.21 (1.05–1.39) | 0.0078 | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 0.0134 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.8262 |
| Heart failure | 2.57 (2.22–2.97) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (0.91–1.2) | 0.5615 | 1.55 (1.33–1.81) | <0.0001 |
| Healthcare utilization | ||||||
| Prior ED visit*, * | 1.25 (1.23–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.33 (1.31–1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.36 (1.34–1.38) | <0.0001 |
| Prior BP medication use † , † | 1.49 (1.41–1.58) | <0.0001 | 1.22 (1.16–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.43 (1.36–1.5) | <0.0001 |
BP indicates blood pressure; ED, emergency department; HS, high school; OR, odds ratio; and Ref, referent.
*
Before delivery.
†
Before pregnancy.