Table 1.

Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Included Studies

Study	Year	Study Design	Selection	Comparability	Outcome	Quality Score (0–9)
COVID‐19
NCPERET et al 12	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Di Qi et al 13	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★	7
Guyi Wang et al 14	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Min Cao et al 15	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Songqiao Liu et al 16	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Xu Chen et al 17	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Zhibing Lu et al 18	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Yucai Hong et al 19	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Sijiao Wang et al 20	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Yongtao Zheng et al 21	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Bo Yuan et al 22	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Christopher M. Petrilli et al 23	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
SARS
Hsiao‐Ling Chang et al 25	2006	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Hai‐Ying Lu et al 24	2005	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Ping Tim Tsui et al 27	2003	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Nelson Lee et al 26	2003	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★	7
MERS
Khalid A. Alburikan et al 28	2020	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Yaseen M. Arabi et al 32	2014	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8
Ziad A. Memish et al 33	2014	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★	7
Jaffar A. Al‐Tawfiq et al 30	2014	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★	7
WHO 31	2013	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★	7
Abdullah Assiri et al 29	2013	Retrospective	★★★	★	★★★★	8

COVID‐19 indicates coronavirus disease 2019; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; NCPERET, Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; and WHO, World Health Organization.