Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Alberta HEART Patients With Available Baseline and 12‐Months KCCQ data (N=392) Categorized by the Change of KCCQ Overall Summary Score Over 12‐Month Period
| Change in KCCQ OSS at 12‐mo Compared to Baseline | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decrease (≥5 Pts) | No Change (<5 Pts) | Increase (≥5 Pts) | ||
| N | 104 | 189 | 99 | |
| Male | 68 (65.4) | 116 (61.4) | 58 (58.6) | 0.6028 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 71.5 (64.0, 80.0) | 65.0 (56.0, 72.0) | 68.0 (57.0, 77.0) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA functional classification, N | 81 | 94 | 78 | |
| Class I | 13 (16.0) | 32 (34.0) | 21 (26.9) | 0.1148 |
| Class II | 46 (56.8) | 45 (47.9) | 37 (47.4) | |
| Class III | 22 (27.2) | 17 (18.1) | 19 (24.4) | |
| Class IV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.3) | |
| Medical comorbidity | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 53 (51.0) | 48 (25.4) | 42 (42.4) | <0.0001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 26 (25.0) | 17 (9.0) | 16 (16.2) | 0.0011 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 (38.5) | 59 (31.2) | 34 (34.3) | 0.4537 |
| COPD | 52 (50.0) | 64 (33.9) | 32 (32.3) | 0.0106 |
| Laboratory measurements, median (IQR) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL (N=277/333) | 134.0 (124.5, 145.0) | 142.0 (131.0, 151.0) | 140.0 (130.0, 147.0) | 0.0071 |
| BNP, pg/mL (N=298/353) | 138.0 (51.0, 264.0) | 45.0 (20.0, 131.0) | 109.0 (43.0, 271.0) | <0.0001 |
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL (N=298/353) | 664.7 (207.2, 1788.7) | 145.5 (46.5, 631.7) | 553.9 (157.3, 1252.5) | <0.0001 |
| BMI (N=332/392) | 31.3 (27.5, 34.9) | 28.9 (25.8, 33.2) | 29.6 (26.4, 34.6) | 0.0223 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Leg edema | 44 (42.3) | 43 (22.8) | 39 (39.4) | 0.0006 |
| Shortness of breath | 64 (61.5) | 75 (39.7) | 57 (57.6) | 0.0004 |
| Fatigue | 64 (61.5) | 71 (37.6) | 65 (65.7) | <0.0001 |
| Heart sounds S3 | 11 (10.6) | 13 (6.9) | 11 (11.1) | 0.3859 |
| JVD | 46 (44.2) | 40 (21.2) | 27 (27.3) | 0.0002 |
| PND | 8 (7.7) | 7 (3.7) | 9 (9.1) | 0.1432 |
| PHJR | 18 (17.3) | 23 (12.2) | 17 (17.2) | 0.3682 |
| Echocardiographic parameters, median (IQR) | ||||
| LVEF, % (N=302/357) | 55.8 (42.2, 64.0) | 59.0 (48.4, 66.0) | 52.1 (40.7, 61.3) | 0.0028 |
| LVEDVI, mL/m2 (N=301/355) | 52.6 (40.6, 66.3) | 50.5 (39.6, 70.9) | 55.9 (39.8, 73.4) | 0.7289 |
| LVMI, g/m2 (N=319/372) | 93.5 (78.4, 114.9) | 85.2 (66.5, 111.5) | 92.1 (72.5, 116.8) | 0.0247 |
| RVSP, mm Hg (N=182/211) | 34.0 (27.0, 39.8) | 29.6 (24.6, 36.3) | 33.8 (28.8, 42.7) | 0.0315 |
| E/e' average (N=276/326) | 12.8 (9.6, 16.1) | 9.9 (7.7, 12.7) | 9.9 (8.2, 13.3) | 0.0004 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACEi/ARB | 82 (78.8) | 141 (74.6) | 77 (77.8) | 0.6747 |
| Beta blocker | 90 (86.5) | 106 (56.1) | 75 (75.8) | <0.0001 |
| Loop diuretic | 62 (59.6) | 62 (32.8) | 50 (50.5) | <0.0001 |
| MRA (spironolactone) | 21 (20.2) | 37 (19.6) | 27 (27.3) | 0.2936 |
| Digoxin | 14 (13.5) | 10 (5.3) | 13 (13.1) | 0.0253 |
All comparisons are across 3 groups for available data, with the exception of NYHA Functional Classification that is compared among 3 groups for patients with HF only. ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain‐type natriuretic peptide; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; E/e', the ratio of transmitral Doppler early filling velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity; F/U, follow‐up; IQR, interquartile range; JVD, jugular vein distension; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; LVEDVI, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; N, number; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OSS, KCCQ overall summary score; PHJR, positive hepatojugular reflex; PND, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; and RVSP, right ventricle systolic pressure.