Figure 2. Relationship between central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).

Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; blue dots), controls (open red circles), and age‐matched controls (red circles with black dots). A, Resting data. B, Data at peak exercise for patients with HFpEF and at submaximal exercise for controls. C, Data at peak exercise for both patients with HFpEF and controls. Bilateral refers to left‐ and right‐sided congestion, Left refers to left‐sided congestion only, and Right refers to right‐sided congestion only. Hypo indicates hypovolemic. Adapted from Wessler et al ³¹ .